Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Tribal Leader and General

Liu Kuren 劉庫仁

Attested AD 370 - AD 409

Passages: 23
Chapters: 3
Histories: 1

Overview

Liu Kuren was a Tribal Leader and General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Childhood name	Meigen	沒根	Meigen
Alternate name	Lo Chui	洛垂	Luo Chui

Life and dates

Death

Cause Seized and killed by Murong Wen after hiding in a stable · Responsible Person Id Murong Wen (慕容文)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passages 185-186
Untimely · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 224

Attested activity

AD 386 to AD 409 劉庫仁
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 86, passage 119
AD 370 to AD 386 劉庫仁兄弟（史臣總評）
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 224
AD 376 建國三十九年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 28, passage 169
AD 376 to AD 400 建國三十九年後至太祖即位前後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 28, passages 180, 200
AD 376 昭成末年
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 5

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Liu Juan (劉眷)
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
brother 兄弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passages 189, 224
Child of Mother of Liu Kuren (劉庫仁母)
mother 母
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 167
Kin of Liu Hu (劉虎)
of the lineage of 宗
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 165
Parent of Liu Xian (劉顯)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 197
Spouse of Zhaocheng Clanswoman, Wife of Liu Kuren (宗女)
wife 妻
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 168
Spouse of Gongsun Woman, Wife of Liu Kuren (公孫氏)
wife 妻公孫氏
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 178

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

of Liu Hu’s lineage
Person Liu Hu (劉虎)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 165

Career and standing

General Who Commands the River 陵江將軍
Appointed · Authority Fu Jian (苻堅)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 169
southern grandee 南部大人
Appointed · Authority Emperor Zhaocheng (昭成皇帝)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 168
overseer of state affairs 攝國事
Held
Directly stated · Book of Wei 30, passage 5
General of Guangwu 廣武將軍
Promoted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 173
General Who Quells Might 振威將軍
Promoted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 179
ceremony equal to feudal lords 儀比諸侯
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 173

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Marquis Within the Passes 關內侯
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 169
Ranked above Wei Chen
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 174

Learning and skills

Skill strategy 智略 · Level noted
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 166

Events and relationships

Assigned tribes east of the river
Political · With Wei Chen (衞辰)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passages 169-170
Campaigned against the Kudi and resettled them
Military
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 177
Defeated and pursued Wei Chen
Military · With Wei Chen (衞辰)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 176
Prepared to relieve Fu Pi
Military
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passages 182-183
Sent Gongsun Xi with three thousand cavalry to aid Wang Yong
Military
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 180
Relation Brother in law of · Person Gongsun Xi (公孫希) · Kinship Term wife's elder brother 妻兄
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 180

Assessments and attributes

Assessment loyal and constant through rise and fall; died untimely · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 224
Assessment served loyally and gathered the scattered · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Wei 28, passage 172

References in the histories

Search passages

History

23 passages

Book of Wei, Chapter 28Volume 23: Wei Cao, Mo Han, Liu Kuren · 21 passages

衛操莫含劉庫仁 Biographies of Wei Cao, Mo Han, and Liu Kuren

劉庫仁，本字沒根，劉虎之宗也，一名洛垂。 Liu Kuren, whose original name was Meigen, belonged to the house of Liu Hu and was also called Lo Chui.

建國三十九年，昭成暴崩，太祖未立，苻堅以庫仁為陵江將軍、關內侯，令與衞辰分國部眾而統之。 In Jianguo year 39 Emperor Zhaocheng died suddenly before Taizu could be enthroned; Fu Jian made Liu Kuren General Who Commands the River and Marquis Within the Passes and set him with Wei Chen to divide and govern the tribal following.

自河以西屬衞辰，自河以東屬庫仁。 West of the river fell to Wei Chen; east of the river to Liu Kuren.

於是獻明皇后攜太祖及衞秦二王自賀蘭部來居焉。 Then Empress Dowager Xianming brought Taizu and the Wei and Qin princes from the Helan tribe to live under Kuren's protection.

庫仁盡忠奉事，不以興廢易節，撫納離散，恩信甚彰。 Liu Kuren served him with unwavering loyalty, never shifting with fortune's turns; he gathered the scattered and won them with grace, and his trustworthiness was plain to all.

苻堅進庫仁廣武將軍，給幢麾鼓蓋，儀比諸侯。 Fu Jian promoted him to General of Guangwu and granted the insignia of banner, canopy, drums, and parasol, with ceremony equal to a feudal lord.

處衞辰在庫仁之下。 Wei Chen was ranked beneath Liu Kuren.

衞辰怒，殺堅五原太守而叛，攻庫仁西部。 Wei Chen flew into rage, murdered Fu Jian's administrator of Wuyuan, rebelled, and struck Liu Kuren's western lands.

庫仁又伐衞辰破之，追至陰山西北千餘里，獲其妻子，盡收其眾。 Liu Kuren counterattacked, broke Wei Chen, and chased him more than a thousand li beyond Yin Mountain, seizing his family and absorbing his entire following.

庫仁西征庫狄部，大獲畜產，徙其部落，置之桑乾川。 He marched west against the Kudi, captured vast herds, relocated the tribe, and planted them along the Sanggan.

苻堅賜庫仁妻公孫氏，厚其資送。 Fu Jian bestowed a Gongsun woman on Liu Kuren as his wife and provided her with a rich dowry.

庫仁又詣堅，加庫仁振威將軍。 Liu Kuren went again to Fu Jian's court and was raised to General Who Quells Might.

後慕容垂圍苻丕于鄴，又遣將平規攻堅幽州刺史王永于薊，庫仁自以受堅爵命，遣妻兄公孫希率騎三千，助永擊規，大破之，阬規降卒五千餘人。 When Murong Chui besieged Fu Pi at Ye and sent Ping Gui against Fu Jian's Youzhou inspector Wang Yong at Ji, Liu Kuren—still loyal to the titles Fu Jian had given him—sent his brother-in-law Gongsun Xi with three thousand horse to help Yong rout Gui and massacre more than five thousand of Gui's men who had surrendered.

庫仁聞希破規，復將大舉以救丕。 When Liu Kuren heard Xi had crushed Gui, he gathered a great army to relieve Fu Pi.

先是，慕容文等當徙長安，遁依庫仁部，常思東歸，其計無由。 Earlier Murong Wen and others, slated for resettlement in Chang'an, had taken refuge with Liu Kuren's tribe and longed to go east again but saw no way.

至是役也，知人不樂，文等乃夜率三郡人，攻庫仁。 On this campaign they saw how little love the levy inspired; Wen and his party struck by night, leading men of three commanderies against Liu Kuren.

庫仁匿於馬廐，文執殺之。 Liu Kuren hid in the stable; Wen seized him and killed him.

庫仁弟眷，繼攝國事。 Liu Kuren's younger brother Juan stepped in to govern the tribes.

其後，徙牧于牛川，庫仁子顯，果殺眷而代立。 Later, when the herds were moved to Niuchuan, Liu Kuren's son Xian murdered Juan and usurped his place.

劉庫仁兄弟，忠以為心，盛衰不二，純節所存，其意蓋遠，而並貽非命，惜乎！ The Liu Kuren brothers took loyalty for their heart and did not shift between rise and fall; the pure constancy they kept looked far ahead — yet both died before their time. What a loss!

Book of Wei, Chapter 30Volume 25: Zhang Sunsong, Zhangsun Daosheng · 1 passage

昭成末年，諸部乖亂，苻堅使劉庫仁攝國事，嵩與元他等率部眾歸之。 When Zhaocheng's reign was ending the tribes turned unruly; Fu Jian set Liu Kuren to govern the realm, and Song with Yuan Ta and the rest brought their people in to him.

Book of Wei, Chapter 86Volume 81: Qi Jun, Shan Wei, Liu Renzhi, Yuwen Zhongzhi · 1 passage

按此卷以北史卷五０綦儁、山偉、宇文忠之三傳及卷二０劉庫仁附劉仁之傳補。 This scroll was patched from Beishi juan 50 (biographies of Qi Jun, Shan Wei, and Yuwen Zhongzhi) and juan 20 (Liu Kuren appendix, Liu Renzhi).