Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Official

Bao Quan 鮑泉

Bào Quán

Attested AD 549 - AD 552

Passages: 32
Chapters: 5
Histories: 3

Overview

Bao Quan was an official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Runyue	潤岳
Alternate name	Master Bao	鮑郎

Life and dates

Death

At Jiangxia 江夏 · Killed · Authority Hou Jing (侯景)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 193

Attested activity

AD 550 大寶
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 44, passage 170
AD 549 太清三年
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 178
AD 549 太清三年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 30, passages 178, 193
AD 552 承聖
Dated from the passage context · Book of Liang 55, passage 164
AD 552 梁元帝承制
Dated from the passage context · Book of Chen 24, passage 102
AD 551 to AD 552 為方諸行事於江夏
Dated from the passage context · History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passages 210-211

Show 1 more source-backed claim

AD 551 行於世
Strongly inferred · Book of Liang 30, passage 198

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Bao Ji (鮑機)
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 174

Key source chapters

Career and standing

executive officer 行事
Directly stated · History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passage 210
regional inspector of Xinzhou 信州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 177
shared charge of secretarial records 掌書記
Held
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 102
Restored
Restored to office
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 186
locked beneath the bed 鎖之床下
Imprisoned · Authority Wang Sengbian (王僧辯)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passages 182-183

Places and affiliations

Liang 梁
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Liang 30, passage 198
Polity Liang 梁 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 102; History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passage 210
At Donghai 東海
Directly stated · Book of Chen 24, passage 102; Book of Liang 30, passage 173

Learning and skills

Skill expertise in the Ceremonies (Yili) 儀禮 · Level especially expert
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 198

Works and attributed material

New Ceremonies 新儀
Relation Author · Extent forty juan 四十卷
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 198
Ceremonies 儀禮
Relation Studied
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 198
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 185
Speech · Speaker · Quote true
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 184
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passage 213

Events and relationships

Campaigned against
Military · Commander · With Xiao Yu (蕭譽) · At Xiangzhou 湘州
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passages 178-179
New Ceremonies 新儀
Scholarly · Author · Composed · Outcome circulated in his day 行於世
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 198
Seized and sent to hou jing
Military · Captive
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 192
Relation Served · Person Xiao Yi (蕭繹)
Directly stated · Book of Liang 30, passage 176
Relation Subordinate of · Person Fangzhu (方諸)
Directly stated · History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passage 210

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of the Southern Dynasties 54, passage 210

References in the histories

Search passages

History

32 passages

Book of Chen, Chapter 24Volume 24: Zhou Hongzheng; Yuan Xian · 1 passage

解褐梁太學博士，稍遷西中郎湘東王外兵記室參軍，與東海鮑泉、南陽宗懍、平原劉緩、沛郡劉瑴同掌書記。 He entered office as a Liang grand-academy doctor, then rose to secretary on Prince Xiangdong's outer military staff, sharing record-keeping with Bao Quan of Donghai, Zong Lin of Nanyang, Liu Huan of Pingyuan, and Liu Yue of Pei.

Book of Liang, Chapter 30Volume 30: Pei Ziye; Gu Xie; Xu Chi; Bao Quan · 17 passages

鮑泉字潤岳，東海人也。 Bao Quan, styled Runyue, came from Donghai.

泉博涉史傳，兼有文筆。 Quan ranged broadly through histories and biographies and was also accomplished as a writer.

太清三年，元帝命泉征河東王譽於湘州，泉至長沙，作連城以逼之，譽率衆攻泉，泉據柵堅守，譽不能克。 In the third year of Taiqing, Emperor Yuan ordered Quan to campaign against Prince Hedong Xiao Yu in Xiangzhou. Quan reached Changsha and built linked ramparts to press him; Yu led his forces to attack Quan, but Quan held the palisade and defended firmly, and Yu could not overcome him.

泉因其弊出擊之，譽大敗，盡俘其衆，遂圍其城，久未能拔。 Quan, taking advantage of his weakness, sallied forth and struck him; Yu was greatly defeated and his entire force was captured. Quan then besieged his city but for a long time could not take it.

世祖乃數泉罪，遣平南將軍王僧辯代泉爲都督。 Emperor Yuan then enumerated Quan's crimes and sent General Who Pacifies the South Wang Sengbian to replace Quan as commander-in-chief.

僧辯至，泉愕然，顧左右曰：「得王竟陵助我經略，賊不足平矣。」 When Sengbian arrived, Quan was startled and, turning to those at his side, said, "With Wang of Jingling to assist me in strategy, the rebels are not worth pacifying."

僧辯旣入，乃背泉而坐，曰：「鮑郎有罪，令旨使我鎖卿，卿勿以故意見期。」 Once Sengbian had entered, he sat with his back to Quan and said, "Master Bao is guilty; by command I am to lock you up — do not expect old friendship."

因出令示泉，鎖之床下。 He then produced the order and showed it to Quan, and locked him beneath the bed.

泉曰：「稽緩王師，甘罪是分，但恐後人更思鮑泉之憒憒耳。」 Quan said, "In delaying the imperial army I accept my share of guilt, but I fear later men will again think of Bao Quan's muddle-headedness."

郢州平，元帝以長子方諸爲刺史，泉爲長史，行府州事。 When Yingzhou was pacified, Emperor Yuan appointed his eldest son Fangzhu regional inspector; Quan was made Chief Clerk and administered the headquarters and province.

方諸與泉不恤軍政，唯蒲酒自樂，賊騎至，百姓奔告，方諸與泉方雙陸，不信，曰：「徐文盛大軍在東，賊何由得至？」 Fangzhu and Quan paid no attention to military affairs and took their pleasure only in gambling and wine. When the rebel cavalry arrived, the common folk ran to report it; Fangzhu and Quan were just playing backgammon and did not believe it, saying, "Xu Wensheng's great army is in the east — how could the rebels get here?"

執方諸及泉送之景所。 They seized Fangzhu and Quan and sent them to Hou Jing's headquarters.

後景攻王僧辯於巴陵，不克，敗還，乃殺泉於江夏，沉其屍于黃鵠磯。 Later Hou Jing attacked Wang Sengbian at Baling but could not overcome him and returned defeated; he then killed Quan at Jiangxia and cast his corpse into the Huanghe Ford.

初，泉之爲南討都督也，其友人夢泉得罪于世祖，覺而告之。 Earlier, when Quan was commander-in-chief of the southern campaign, a friend dreamed that Quan had offended Emperor Yuan; on waking he told him.

頃之，又夢泉著朱衣而行水上，又告泉曰：「君勿憂，尋得免矣。」 Before long he again dreamed that Quan wore red robes and walked upon the water, and again told Quan, "Do not worry — you will soon be released."

因說其夢，泉密記之，俄而復見任，皆如其夢。 He then related the dream; Quan secretly recorded it, and soon afterward was again employed — all as in the dream.

泉於《儀禮》尤明，撰《新儀》四十卷，行於世。 Quan was especially expert in the Ceremonies and composed New Ceremonies in forty juan, which circulated in his day.

Book of Liang, Chapter 44Volume 44: Eleven Princes of Taizong; Two Princes of Shizu · 3 passages

因拜爲中撫軍以自副，又出爲郢州刺史，鎮江夏，以鮑泉爲行事，防遏下流。 He was made Pacifying Central Army as Shizu's deputy, went out as inspector of E, garrisoned Jiangxia, with Bao Quan as acting officer to block downstream.

方諸恃文盛在近，不恤軍政，日與鮑泉蒲酒爲樂。 Fang Zhu relied on Wensheng being near and neglected military affairs, daily drinking with Bao Quan.

屬風雨晦冥，子仙至，百姓奔告，方諸與鮑泉猶不信，曰：「徐文盛大軍在下，虜安得來？」 Wind and rain darkened the sky; when Zixian arrived the people ran to report, yet Fang Zhu and Bao Quan still did not believe and said, "Xu Wensheng's great army is below—how could the barbarian come?"

Book of Liang, Chapter 55Volume 55: Zong, Prince of Yuzhang; Ji, Prince of Wuling; Zhengde, Prince of Linhe; Yu, Prince of Hedong · 7 passages

又令信州刺史鮑泉討譽，幷與書陳示禍福，許其遷善。 He then ordered Bao Quan, inspector of Xinzhou, to attack Yu, writing to show reward and ruin and offering a path to repentance.

謂鮑泉曰：「敗軍之將，勢豈語勇？ He told Bao Quan, "A beaten general has no right to speak of courage.

泉軍于石槨寺，譽帥衆逆擊之，不利而還。 Quan camped at Shigu Temple; Yu led a counterattack, failed, and pulled back.

泉進軍于橘洲，譽又盡銳攻之，不剋。 Quan moved on Juzhou; Yu threw in every crack soldier and still could not break him.

會已暮，士卒疲弊，泉因出擊，大敗之，斬首三千級，溺死者萬餘人。 At dusk, with Yu's men spent, Quan counterstruck and shattered them—three thousand heads taken and more than ten thousand drowned.

譽於是焚長沙郭邑，驅居民於城內，鮑泉度軍圍之。 Yu burned Changsha's outer suburbs, herded the people within the walls, and Bao Quan brought his army across to invest the city.

後世祖又遣領軍將軍王僧辯代鮑泉攻譽，僧辯築土山以臨城內，日夕苦攻，矢石如雨，城中將士死傷者太半。 Later Shizu also sent Commandant of the Army Wang Sengbian to replace Bao Quan in attacking Yu. Sengbian raised earthworks overlooking the city and assaulted bitterly day and night until arrows and stones fell like rain and more than half the soldiers in the city were dead or wounded.

History of the Southern Dynasties, Chapter 54Volume 54 Biographies 44: Sons of Emperor Jianwen of Liang, Sons of Emperor Yuan of Liang · 4 passages

又出為郢州刺史，鎮江夏，以鮑泉為行事。 He went out as Inspector of Yingzhou, stationed at Jiangxia, with Bao Quan as his executive officer.

時元帝遣徐文盛與侯景將任約相持，方諸年十五，童心未革，恃文盛在近，不恤軍政，日與鮑泉蒱酒為樂。 Emperor Yuan had sent Xu Wensheng to hold Ren Yue, Hou Jing's general; Fangzhu was fifteen, still a boy, trusting that Wensheng was near and neglecting military affairs, passing his days drinking and gambling with Bao Quan.

百姓奔告，方諸與鮑泉並不信，曰：「文盛大軍在下，虜安得來？」 The people came with urgent news; Fangzhu and Bao Quan would not believe them: "Wensheng's main force is downstream—how could the enemy get here?"

方諸方踞泉腹，以五色毦辮其須。 Fangzhu was sprawled on Bao Quan's belly, braiding his beard with colored wool.