Ming · Ming Emperor

Zhu Zaihou 朱載垕

c. AD 1537 - AD 1572

Passages: 10
Chapters: 2
Histories: 1

Overview

Zhu Zaihou was a Ming Emperor.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name		契天隆道淵懿寬仁顯文光武純德弘孝莊皇帝
Temple name	Muzong	穆宗	Mùzōng

Life and dates

Death

AD 1572 隆慶六年五月庚戌
At Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宮
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 132

Age

36
AD 1572 隆慶六年五月庚戌 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 132

Attested activity

AD 1539 嘉靖十八年二月
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 3
AD 1566 嘉靖四十五年十二月
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passages 137-138
AD 1567 隆慶元年正月
Directly stated · History of Ming 58, passage 209
AD 1567 to AD 1572 隆慶元年至六年
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passages 5, 132

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Crown Prince Zhuangjing (莊敬太子)
elder brother as crown prince 太子 · Paternal half siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 19, passages 3-4
Spouse of Consort Chen (陳氏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 147
Parent of Zhu Yiliu (朱翊鏐)
imperial son 皇子
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 109
Parent of Zhu Yijun (朱翊鈞)
imperial son 皇子
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 41
Child of Consort Du (杜康妃)
mother 母
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 2
Sibling of Prince Jing Gong (景恭王)
Prince Jing 景王 · Paternal half siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Ming 19, passages 3-4
Child of Shizong (世宗)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 1

Key source chapters

History of Ming, Chapter 19 Volume 19 Annals 19: Muzong 7 passages
History of Ming, Chapter 58 Volume 58 Treatises 34: Rites 12 3 passages

Career and standing

Prince of Yu 裕王
AD 1539 嘉靖十八年二月 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 3
AD 1566 四十五年十二月壬子
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 138

Places and affiliations

Ming 明
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 138
Polity Ming 明 · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Ming 58, passage 214
AD 1572 隆慶六年七月丙戌
At Zhaoling 昭陵 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 133

Assessments and attributes

Assessment fine ruler who inherited the throne and upheld institutions · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 149
Assessment practiced thrift; imperial kitchens saved tens of thousands yearly · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 134
Assessment too much leniency and not enough vigorous clarity · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Ming 19, passage 151

References in the histories

Search passages

History

10 passages

History of Ming, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Muzong · 7 passages

穆宗，契天隆道淵懿寬仁顯文光武純德弘孝莊皇帝，諱載垕，世宗第三子也。 Emperor Muzong—honored after death as one who manifested Heaven, upheld the grand Way, and united profound graciousness, broad benevolence, brilliant culture, glorious martial accomplishment, pure virtue, expansive filial piety, and solemnity—was named Zhu Zaihou and was the third son of Emperor Shizong.

嘉靖十八年二月封裕王，與莊敬太子、景恭王同日受冊。 In the second month of Jiajing eighteen he was enfeoffed as Prince of Yu, invested on the same day as Crown Prince Zhuangjing and Prince Jing Gong.

已而莊敬薨，世宗以王長且賢，繼序已定，而中外危疑，屢有言者，乃令景王之國。 When Crown Prince Zhuangjing died soon after, Shizong—holding that the Prince of Yu was eldest and worthy and the succession already settled, though court and realm remained uneasy and many spoke out—sent Prince Jing to his fief.

閏月丁卯，御皇極殿門，疾作遽，還宮。 In the intercalary month, on dingmao, the Emperor attended at the gate of the Hall of Supreme Harmony; illness struck suddenly, and he returned to the palace.

七月丙戌，上尊諡，廟號穆宗，葬昭陵。 In the seventh month, on bingxu, posthumous honors were granted, the temple name Muzong was bestowed, and he was buried at Zhaoling.

贊曰：穆宗在位六載，端拱寡營，躬行儉約，尚食歲省巨萬。 Appraisal: Muzong reigned six years; he sat in dignified repose and seldom acted on his own, practiced thrift in person, and the imperial kitchens saved tens of thousands each year.

第柄臣相軋，門戶漸開，而帝未能振肅乾綱，矯除積習。 Yet leading ministers feuded with one another and factional doors gradually opened, while the Emperor could not rouse and rectify imperial authority or purge accumulated abuses.

History of Ming, Chapter 58Volume 58 Treatises 34: Rites 12 · 3 passages

隆慶元年正月，未及二十七日，帝衰服御宣治門，百官素服、腰絰奉慰。 In the first month of the first year of Longqing, before the twenty-seven days had passed, the emperor in full mourning conducted affairs at the Gate of Proclaiming Governance while officials in plain dress and waist mourning bands presented comforting condolences.

發引，帝行遣奠禮。 When the funeral procession departed, the emperor performed the dispatch offering rite.

蓋孝宗篤於親，喪禮詳且備，故武、世、穆三廟皆宗之。 Hongzhi was deeply devoted to his parents, and his mourning rites were detailed and complete; for this reason the reigns of Wuzong, Shizong, and Muzong all took him as their model.