Zhu Youning (朱友寧)

Overview

Zhu Youning was a Nephew of Zhu Wen and Regional Commissioner.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Anren	安仁	Ānrén

Life and dates

Death

Beheaded in battle · Responsible Person Id Wang Jingren (王景仁)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 44
Killed in battle · At Shilou 石樓
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 42

Attested activity

AD 905 Taizu's Qingzhou campaign
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 41, 44
AD 907 to AD 912 友寧、友倫皆立軍功
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 27
AD 903 昭宗歸長安
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 33
AD 907 開平初
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 67

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
brother's son / nephew 兄子
imperial nephew 皇侄
Sources vary in certainty · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passages 26-27; Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 66
Child of Taizu of Liang (太祖)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 41, 45

Key source chapters

Career and standing

military commissioner of Lingnan West 嶺南西道節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 33
regional commissioner / fangzhen 方鎮
Reached
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 27
Welcoming-the-Carriage Resolute Warrior 迎鑾毅勇功臣
Granted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 33
Prince of An 安王
AD 907 開平初 · Posthumously enfeoffed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 67

Events and relationships

Attacked Wang Shifan's camps at Qingzhou and was defeated and beheaded by Wang Jingren
Military · Commander · With Wang Shifan (王師範), Wang Jingren (王景仁)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 41-44
Defeated
Military · Commander · With Wang Shifan (王師範) · At Qi prefecture 齊州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 32
Massacred city
Military · Commander · At Bochang 博昌
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 41
Won military merit
Military · Officer
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 27
Relation Subordinate of · Person Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 25

Assessments and attributes

Assessment dashing temper · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 24

References in the histories

Search passages

History

19 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Book of Later Liang 11: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

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友寧、友倫皆立軍功，位至方鎮。）〉 Youning and Youlun both won military honors and rose to govern provinces.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Book of Later Liang 12: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 13 passages

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安王友寧，字安仁，少習詩禮，長喜兵法，有倜儻之風。 You Ning, Prince of An (courtesy name Anren), studied the classics as a boy and warfare as a man, with a dashing temper.

及擒秦宗權，太祖令友寧監送宗權西獻於長安，詔加檢校右散騎常侍、行右監門衛將軍。 After the capture of Qin Zongquan the Founder sent You Ning to escort him to Chang'an; the court promoted him to acting palace attendant and acting gate guard commander.

太祖駐軍岐下，遣友寧領所部兵先歸梁苑，以備守禦。 While the Founder camped near Qi he sent You Ning ahead with his division to secure the Eastern Capital.

會有青人詣裴迪言其狀，迪以事告，友寧不俟命乃率兵萬餘人東討。 A Qing informer told Pei Di, who reported to You Ning; without waiting for orders You Ning marched east with ten thousand men.

友寧引兵救之，青寇大敗，奪馬四千蹄，斬首數千級。 You Ning relieved the city and routed the Qing forces, taking four thousand horses and thousands of heads.

及昭宗歸長安，朝廷議迎駕功，友寧授嶺南西道節度使，加特進、檢校司徒，賜號迎鑾毅勇功臣。 After Emperor Zhaozong's return to Chang'an the court rewarded those who had escorted him: You Ning became military commissioner of Lingnan West, Special Grandee, and acting Minister of Works, with the honorific Welcoming-the-Carriage Resolute Warrior.

友寧知之，伏兵於兗南邀之，大破賊眾，竟無免者。 You Ning set an ambush south of Yan, destroyed the force, and left no survivor.

自是兗壁危窘，友寧督諸軍進逼營兵。 With Yanzhou hard pressed, You Ning drove his columns against the rebel encampment.

友寧乃下俘民眾十餘萬，各領負木石、牽牛驢，於城南為土山。 You Ning drove more than a hundred thousand captives—each hauling timber and stone behind oxen and donkeys—to heap an assault ramp south of the walls.

及進迫寇壘，與青人戰於石樓，王師小卻，友寧旁自峻阜馳騎以赴敵，所乘馬蹶而仆，遂沒於陣。 Pressing the rebel stronghold at Shilou, he charged from a ridge when the royal army slightly wavered; his horse fell and he died in the melee.

友寧將戰之前日，有大白蛇蟠於帳中，友寧心惡之，既而果遇禍焉。 On the eve of battle a great white snake coiled in his tent—an omen he loathed—and the next day he was killed.

皇侄故邕州節度使友寧、故容州節度使友倫，頃因締構，俱習韜鈐，並以戰功，歿於王事，永言帶礪，合議封崇。」 Imperial nephews You Ning, late commissioner of Yong, and You Lun, late commissioner of Rong, were trained in war from the founding days and died in service; they deserve posthumous honors befitting founders of the house."

於是存追封朗王，友寧追封安王，友倫追封密王。 Cun was posthumously created Prince of Lang, You Ning Prince of An, and You Lun Prince of Mi.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 5 passages

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梁太祖遣子友寧攻王師範於青州，師範乞兵於行密，行密遣景仁以步騎七千救師範。 Taizu of Liang sent his son Youning against Wang Shifan at Qingzhou. Shifan begged Xingmi for aid, and Xingmi sent Jingren with seven thousand foot and horse to relieve him.

師範以兵背城為兩柵，友寧夜擊其一柵，柵中告急，趣景仁出戰，景仁按兵不動。 Shifan built two palisaded camps with his back to the wall. Youning struck one by night; the camp cried for help and begged Jingren out, but Jingren held his men still.

友寧已破一柵，連戰不已。 Youning broke one camp and kept fighting without rest.

遲明，景仁度友寧兵已困，乃出戰，大敗之，遂斬友寧，以其首報行密。 At dawn Jingren judged Youning’s men spent, went out, and routed them. He beheaded Youning and sent the head to Xingmi.

是時，梁太祖方攻鄆州，聞子友寧死，以兵二十萬倍道而至，景仁閉壘示怯，伺梁兵怠，毀柵而出，驅馳疾戰，戰酣退坐，召諸將飲酒，已而復戰。 Taizu was then besieging Yun prefecture. When he heard of Youning’s death he came with two hundred thousand men at forced march. Jingren shut the ramparts and played timid; when Liang slackened he tore down the palisades and charged. Battle ran hot; he withdrew to sit, called his generals to drink, then went back in.