Zhu Fen (硃濆) | 24 Histories

Overview

Zhu Fen was a Pirate Leader.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1808 十三年
Killed in action · At Fujian waters 閩洋 · Authority Xu Songnian (許松年)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 150
AD 1808 嘉慶十三年
Cause mortally wounded by cannon fire 受砲傷，未幾斃 · At Changshanwei 長山尾
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 178-179

Attested activity

AD 1805 嘉慶十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 354, passage 78
AD 1804 九年夏
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 28
AD 1804 九年秋
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 29
AD 1806 十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 359, passages 144, 146
AD 1806 十一年四月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 39
AD 1808 十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 150

Show 7 more source-backed claims

AD 1807 十二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 141
AD 1809 嘉慶
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 362, passage 157
AD 1800 to AD 1803 嘉慶初至八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 21, 27
AD 1808 嘉慶十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 31
AD 1807 嘉慶十二年七月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 114
AD 1807 嘉慶十二年十一月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 115
AD 1805 to AD 1808 嘉慶十年至十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 170, 172, 178

Family

Sibling of Zhu Wo (硃渥)
younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 151

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Guangdong pirate 粵盜
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 21

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Active under
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 29
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Operated against
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 21
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Opposed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 114
At Guangdong 粵 · Relation Based in
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 21

Events and relationships

Defeated at Jilong Sea; lost fourteen ships
AD 1807 嘉慶十二年七月 · Military · Pirate leader · With Wang Delu (王得祿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 114
Defeated
AD 1807 十二年 · Military · Pirate · At Jilong Sea 雞籠洋
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 141
Entered Fujian with combined fleet and killed Hu Zhensheng
AD 1804 九年夏 · Military · Co commander · With Cai Qian (蔡牽) · Target Person Id Hu Zhensheng (胡振聲) · At Fujian 閩
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 27-28
Fled alone into Fujian waters
AD 1808 十三年 · Military · Pirate leader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 359, passage 150
Followers defeated at Gulei Sea
AD 1807 嘉慶十二年十一月 · Military · Pirate leader · With Wang Delu (王得祿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 115
Hid at
AD 1808 嘉慶十三年 · Military · Opponent · At Dongyong outer sea 東涌外洋
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 178

Show 7 more source-backed claims

Joined Cai Qian in attacking Dinghai
AD 1808 嘉慶十三年秋 · Military · Pirate leader · With Cai Qian (蔡牽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 364, passage 31
Joint raid
AD 1804 九年秋 · Military · Commander · With Cai Qian (蔡牽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 29-30
Joint raid
AD 1806 十一年四月 · Military · Commander · With Cai Qian (蔡牽) · At Funing 福寧
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 39
Raided
AD 1807 十二年 · Military · Pirate · At Tamsui 淡水
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 141
Received Taiwan rice from Cai Qian and united forces
AD 1803 嘉慶八年 · Military · Ally · With Cai Qian (蔡牽)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 27
Military · Bandit leader · At Guangdong coast 廣東海盜
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 354, passage 78
Relation Ally of · Person Cai Qian (蔡牽)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 27, 29-30, 39

Assessments and attributes

Item several dozen vessels 數十艘 · Relation Commanded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 21

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 21; Draft History of Qing 359, passage 146

References in the histories

Search passages

History

20 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 350Volume 350 Biographies 137: Li Changgeng Son: Ting Yu, Hu Zhensheng, Wang Delu, Qiu Lianggong, Chen Buyun, Xu Songnian, Huang Biao, Lin Guoliang, Xu Tinggui · 12 passages

Open chapter

其在閩者，皆為漳盜蔡牽所並，有艇百餘，粵盜硃濆亦得數十艘。 Those who remained in Fujian were absorbed by the Zhangzhou pirate Cai Qian, who commanded more than a hundred junks, while the Guangdong pirate Zhu Fen acquired several dozen vessels of his own.

牽畏霆船，賄閩商造大艇，高於霆船，出洋以被劫報，牽得之，渡橫洋，劫台灣米以餉硃濆，遂與之合。 Fearing the Thunder Ships, Qian bribed Fujian merchants to build larger junks, taller than the Thunder Ships, which were reported stolen once they left port; he took possession of them, crossed the open sea, raided Taiwan for rice to supply Zhu Fen, and then united with him.

九年夏，連䑸八十餘入閩，戕總兵胡振聲，詔治閩將不援罪，長庚總統兩省水師。 In the summer of the ninth year, Cai Qian and Zhu Fen entered Fujian with a combined fleet of more than eighty vessels and killed Regional Commander Hu Zhensheng. An edict called for punishment of Fujian officers who had failed to reinforce, and Changgeng was placed in overall command of the naval forces of both provinces.

秋，牽、濆共犯浙，長庚合諸鎮兵擊之於定海北洋，衝賊為二，自當牽，急擊，逐至盡山。 That autumn Cai Qian and Zhu Fen jointly raided Zhejiang. Changgeng combined the garrison fleets and engaged them in the northern waters off Dinghai, splitting the enemy force in two. He personally took on Qian, pressed the attack, and drove him as far as Jinshan.

牽以大艇得遁，委敗硃濆，濆怒，於是復分。 Qian escaped in his large junk and left Zhu Fen to bear the defeat. Fen was furious, and the two allies parted ways once more.

四月，蔡牽、硃濆同犯福寧外洋，擊敗之，追至台州斗米洋，擒其黨李按等。 In the fourth month Cai Qian and Zhu Fen jointly raided the outer waters off Funing. Changgeng defeated them, pursued them to Doumiyang off Taizhou, and captured their lieutenant Li An and others.

七月，敗硃濆於雞籠洋，獲船十四。 In the seventh month he defeated Zhu Fen at Jilong Sea and seized fourteen ships.

十一月，又敗其黨於古雷洋，射殪賊目硃金，擒張祈，被獎敘。 In the eleventh month he defeated Zhu Fen's followers again at Gulei Sea, shot dead the pirate leader Zhu Jin, captured Zhang Qi, and received an official commendation.

十二年，硃濆犯淡水，偕王得祿追至雞籠洋，連敗之，擒殲甚眾，被優敘。 In the twelfth year Zhu Fen raided Tamsui. Lianggong joined Wang Delu in pursuit to Jilong Sea, defeated him repeatedly, killed or captured a great many pirates, and received special commendation.

又擊硃濆、烏石二於宮仔洋，從李長庚追敗之於閩、粵交界甲子洋。 again attacked Zhu Fen and Wushi Er at Gongzai Sea, and under Li Changgeng pursued and routed them at Jiazi Sea on the Fujian-Guangdong border.

十三年，硃濆潛匿東涌外洋，命松年躡剿，遂移師入粵。 In the thirteenth year Zhu Fen was hiding in the outer waters off Dongyong. Songnian was ordered to hunt him down and then moved his forces into Guangdong.

追至長山尾，了見賊船四十餘，知其最巨者為濆所乘，並力圍攻，濆受砲傷，未幾斃。 Pursuing to Changshanwei, he sighted more than forty pirate ships and identified the largest as Zhu Fen's flagship. He concentrated his forces, surrounded it, and Zhu Fen was mortally wounded by cannon fire and died shortly afterward.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 354Volume 354 Biographies 141: Wan Chengfeng, Zhou Xiying, Qian Yue, Qin Ying, Li Zonghan, Han Dingjin, Zhu Fangzeng · 1 passage

Open chapter

大股如鄭一、烏石二、總兵寶、朱濆等，聲勢甚張。 Major bands led by Zheng Yi, Wushi Er, Zongbing Bao, Zhu Fen, and others had grown formidable.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 146: Yue Qi, Jing Daoqian, Xie Qikun, Li Diantu, Zhang Shicheng, Wang Shaolan, Li Yichou, Qian Kai, He Shunwu · 3 passages

Open chapter

時海盜蔡牽、硃濆方猖獗，總督玉德廢弛黜去，阿林保繼任，復與提督李長庚不協； Pirates Cai Qian and Zhu Fen were then at their height. Governor-general Yu De was removed for negligence. Alinbao succeeded him but again clashed with Provincial Military Commander Li Changgeng;

十三年，硃濆與牽有隙，獨竄閩洋，總兵許松年擊斃之。 In the thirteenth year Zhu Fen broke with Cai Qian, fled alone into Fujian waters, and was killed in action by regional commander Xu Songnian.

其弟渥，勢蹙思投首，會道員德華由台灣內渡，遇牽黨圍劫，渥救之，藉以通款，尋复拒敵粵師不果降。 Zhu Fen's younger brother Wo, cornered and ready to surrender, happened to rescue Circuit Intendant Dehua when Dehua was crossing from Taiwan and was ambushed by Cai Qian's men. Wo used the encounter to open peace talks, but soon afterward he fought Guangdong forces again and never submitted.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 362Volume 362 Biographies 149: Fang Ji, Zhu Erhan, Yang Hu, Liao Yin, Chen Changqi, Zhu Ergenge, Cha Chonghua · 3 passages

Open chapter

海盜方張，硃濆尤黠悍，乃親歷海壖，治鄉團，調鎮兵千守沿海，斷內奸接濟。 Pirates were rampant along the coast, and Zhu Fen was especially cunning and fierce. Ergenge toured the shoreline in person, organized local militia, stationed a thousand garrison troops along the coast, and cut off supplies from collaborators within.

濆糧絕，屢敗走台灣，潮盜膽落，因其窮蹙解散之。 Cut off from supplies, Fen was repeatedly defeated and driven to Taiwan. The Chaozhou pirates lost heart, and Ergenge took advantage of their desperation to disband them.

會匪李崇玉踞惠、潮山谷中，時游弋海上，使降人招之自首，硃濆部眾亦有來投者。 The secret-society leader Li Chongyu held the mountains of Huizhou and Chaozhou and sometimes raided at sea. Ergenge sent surrendered pirates to offer him amnesty, and some of Zhu Fen's followers also defected.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 364Volume 364 Biographies 151: Ruan Yuan, Wang Tingzhen, Tang Jinzhao · 1 passage

Open chapter

秋，蔡牽、硃濆合犯定海，親駐寧波督三鎮擊走之，牽复遁閩洋。 That autumn Cai Qian and Zhu Fen jointly attacked Dinghai; he personally stationed at Ningbo to direct the three commands in driving them off, and Qian fled again to Fujian waters.