Overview
Zhou Chang was an Early Han chancellor and celebrated outspoken remonstrator.
PeriodQin and Han
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posthumous name | Marquis Dao | 悼侯 |
Life and dates
Death
- BC 191 三歲而死Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 80
- Directly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 78
Attested activity
- BC 191 三歲而死Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 80
- BC 201 六年Directly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 37
- BC 201 六年中Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 34
- BC 195 其相周昌令王稱疾不行Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 73
- BC 206 to BC 180 周昌Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 164
- BC 206 to BC 194 漢Strongly inferred · Book of Liang 36, passage 31
Show 6 more source-backed claims
- BC 204 漢三年Directly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 31
- BC 203 漢王四年Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 32
- BC 221 to BC 209 秦時Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 23
- BC 206 to BC 180 高帝時Dated from the passage context · Book of Later Han 37, passage 221
- BC 197 高祖十年Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 93, passage 118
- BC 202 to BC 195 高祖時Dated from the passage context · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 37, 68
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kin of Zhou Ke (周苛)elder cousin 从兄 · paternal lineDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 23
- Ancestor of Zhou Zuoche (周左車)grandson 孫 · 2 generationsDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 80; Records of the Grand Historian 11, passage 56
- Parent of Child of Zhou Chang (周昌子)child 子Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 11, passage 56
- Sibling of Zhou Ke (周苛)cousin 從兄 · Uncertain siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 27
- Parent of Son of Zhou Chang (周昌子)son 子Strongly inferred · Book of Han 51, passage 79
- Kinship Role grandsons · grandsons enfeoffed as marquises; unnamed (count not stated; recorded as plural minimum 2) · Count 2Directly stated · Book of Han 6, passage 88
Key source chapters
- Book of Han, Chapter 51 Volume 42: Zhang, Zhou, Zhao, Ren and Shentu 29 passages
- Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 96 Biography of Chancellor Zhang 25 passages
- Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 93 Biographies of Han Xin (King of Han) and Lu Wan 5 passages
- Book of Han, Chapter 2 Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 2 3 passages
- Book of Han, Chapter 6 Volume 5: Annals of Emperor Jing 1 passage
Career and standing
- Censor Grand Master 御史大夫BC 203 漢王四年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 32
- Commandant of the Capital 中尉AppointedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 26
- duty recorder 職志AppointedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 24
- imperial counsellor 御史大夫AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 35
- Chancellor of Zhao 趙相Held
- Grandee Secretary 御史大夫HeldDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 11, passage 56
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- junior clerk of Sishui 泗水卒史BC 221 to BC 209 秦時 · ServedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 23
- Chancellor of Zhao 趙相BC 202 to BC 195 高祖時 · TransferredDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 68
- minister of Zhao 趙相TransferredDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 65
- Marquis of Fenyin 汾陰侯BC 201 六年 · EnfeoffedDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 37
- Marquis of Fenyin 汾陰侯BC 201 六年中 · EnfeoffedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 34
- Marquis of Fenyin 汾陰侯HeldDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 34
- leftward transfer 左遷Demotion · AcknowledgedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 66
- Pleaded illnessWithdrew from courtDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 80
Places and affiliations
- Polity Han 漢 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 24, 26, 32, 73
- Polity Han 漢 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 164
- Polity Qin 秦 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 23
- Polity Zhao 趙 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 68, 73
- At Pei 沛Directly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 26; Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 22
- BC 202 to BC 195 高祖時At Zhao 趙 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 68
Works and attributed material
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressed to Gaozu (高祖)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 38, 42-43, 65
- Speech · Speaker · With Gaozu (高祖)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 93, passage 121
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Events and relationships
- Entered pass and broke QinMilitary · FollowerDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 25
- FollowedDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 24
- Helped defeatDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 33
- Interrupted embrace audienceDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 37
- Made Zhao chancellorDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 64, 68
- Opposed deposing crown princeBC 202 to BC 195 高祖時 · Political · RemonstrantDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 42-43
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- Presented at courtDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 76
- Refused to sendDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 73-74
- Relation Successor in office of · Person Zhou Ke (周苛)Strongly inferred · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 31-32
- Relation Chancellor of · Person Ruyi (如意)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 73
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment blunt and forceful · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passages 39, 141
- Assessment especially feared by Gaozu · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 39
- Assessment firm, enduring, simple, and upright; revered and feared by Empress Lu, the crown prince, and great ministers · Mode speech Speaker Zhao Yao (趙堯)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 61
- Assessment strong, forceful, and daringly frank; deferred to by Xiao He and Cao Shen · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 36
- Assessment stubborn and unyielding · Mode historian-judgment Speaker Grand Historian (太史公)Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 164
- stutteredSpeech impedimentDirectly stated · Book of Han 51, passage 45
Show 1 more source-backed claim
- stutteredSpeech · 吃Directly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passage 42
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Records of the Grand Historian 96, passages 22, 73
References in the histories
66 passages
No matching passages.