Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功)

Overview

Zheng Chenggong was a Military Leader and Ming Loyalist.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	Chenggong

Life and dates

Death

AD 1662 康熙初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 61

Attested activity

AD 1659 初，鄭成功犯鎮江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 145
AD 1655 十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 264, passages 177, 184
AD 1646 to AD 1662 康熙初，鄭成功已死
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 61
AD 1661 清順治十八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9
AD 1646 to AD 1662 鄭成功總兵
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 245, passage 220
AD 1648 順治五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passages 8-9

Show 2 more source-backed claims

AD 1659 順治十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 247, passage 42; Draft History of Qing 265, passage 19; Draft History of Qing 298, passage 4
AD 1645 順治間
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 248, passages 105, 122, 161

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Jing (錦)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 61
Parent of Zheng Jing (鄭經)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 10

Key source chapters

Career and standing

pirate 海寇
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9
Held
Rebel ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9

Places and affiliations

Polity Ming 明 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 265, passage 19
Polity Ming 明 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 8
Polity Southern Ming / Zheng regime 鄭氏 · Relation Led
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 245, passage 220
Polity Zheng regime 鄭氏 · Relation Led
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 61
At Taiwan 臺灣 · Relation Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9
At Xiamen 廈門 · Relation Stationed at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 247, passage 146

Show 1 more source-backed claim

At Zhenjiang 鎮江 · Relation Attacked
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 145

Events and relationships

Already dead
AD 1662 康熙初 · Military · Leader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 61
Attacked Zhenjiang
Military · Attacker · At Zhenjiang 鎮江 · With Da Chongguang (笪重光)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passage 145
Attacked
AD 1659 順治十六年 · Military · Attacker · At Jiangning 江寧
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 265, passage 19
Attacked
AD 1659 順治十六年 · Military · Invader · At Jiangning 江寧
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 247, passage 42
Besieged
AD 1648 順治五年 · Military · Attacker · With Jiang Xizhe (姜希轍) · At Ruian 瑞安 · Outcome Forces defeated on the Qiyun River
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 282, passages 8-9
Established
AD 1661 清順治十八年 · Political · Founder · At Chengtian Prefecture / Eastern Capital 承天府 / 東都
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9

Show 5 more source-backed claims

Expelled
AD 1661 清順治十八年 · Military · Commander · At Taiwan 臺灣
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9
Held
Military · Rebel leader · At Taiwan 台灣
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 259, passage 7
Ravaged zhangzhou and quanzhou and watched provincial capital
AD 1655 十二年 · Military · Attacker · At Zhangzhou and Quanzhou 漳、泉
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 264, passage 177
Repeatedly raided jingkou and moored at pingyang shoal
AD 1655 十二年 · Military · Raider · At Jingkou / Pingyang Shoal 京口 / 平洋沙
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 264, passage 184
Relation Superior of · Person Liu Zhengxue (劉正學)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 245, passage 220

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 71, passage 9; Draft History of Qing 245, passage 220; Draft History of Qing 264, passage 177; Draft History of Qing 282, passage 8
Value historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 265, passage 19

References in the histories

Search passages

History

24 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 71Volume 71 Treatises 46: Geography 18, Tai Wan · 1 passage

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清順治十八年，海寇鄭成功逐荷蘭人據之，偽置承天府，名曰東都，設二縣，曰天興，曰萬年。 In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the pirate Zheng Chenggong expelled the Dutch and held the island; he set up a rebel Chengtian Prefecture, styled it the Eastern Capital, and created two counties, Tianxing and Wannian.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 245Volume 245 Biographies 32: Gang Lin, Feng Quan, Chen Mingxia, Chen Zhilin, Liu Zhengzong · 1 passage

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正宗弟正學，為鄭成功總兵，正宗囑巡撫耿焞躐升中軍。 Zhengzong's younger brother Zhengxue was a regional commander under Zheng Chenggong; Zhengzong instructed Governor Geng Tun to promote him by skipping ranks to middle army commander.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 247Volume 247 Biographies 34: Peng Ershu, Lu Zhenfen, Yao Yanzhu, Bi Zhenji, Fang Guodong, Yu Pengju, Wang Tianjian, Yue Tingbiao · 3 passages

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十六年，鄭成功內犯，陷鎮江，入攻江寧。 In the sixteenth year Zheng Chenggong raided inland, captured Zhenjiang, and pressed the attack on Jiangning.

喀喀木等擊敗成功，體坤乃復至縣，賂重、大受謁大吏，謂士民送款，冀掩棄城罪。 After Kekemu and the others routed Chenggong, Tikun returned to his post and bribed Chong and Dashou to lobby the senior officials, claiming the local elite had submitted in order to hide his own crime of deserting the county.

鄭成功屯廈門，與漳州隔海相望。 Zheng Chenggong held Xiamen, facing Zhangzhou across the strait.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 248Volume 248 Biographies 35: Xu Dingguo, Zuo Menggeng, Tian Xiong, Zhang Tianlu, Sun Kewang · 9 passages

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鄭成功兵擾浙境，陷遂安、平陽諸縣。 Zheng Chenggong's forces raided the Zhejiang frontier and seized Suian, Pingyang, and other counties.

十六年，成功兵攻太平，擊卻之。 In the sixteenth year Chenggong's army attacked Taiping, and Xiong drove it back.

復攻寧波，雄督戰，分三路進剿，成功兵引退。 When they attacked Ningbo again, Xiong directed the fighting and advanced in three columns. Chenggong's forces withdrew.

時鄭成功據廈門。 At that time Zheng Chenggong held Xiamen.

巡撫張學聖诇成功方出，令得功攻廈門，克之。 Governor Zhang Xuesheng learned that Chenggong was away and ordered Degong to attack Xiamen. Degong took the city.

成功還救，复陷。 Chenggong returned to relieve the city and recovered it.

以得功初克廈門貪取財物為成功所乘，命逮治，援赦免。 Because Degong had looted greedily when he first took Xiamen, giving Chenggong his opening, he was ordered arrested. He was pardoned on appeal.

十四年，與浙閩總督李率泰等合兵克閩安，成功屢內犯，得功擊卻之。 In the fourteenth year he joined Zhe-Fujian Governor-General Li Shuaitai and others in taking Min'an. When Chenggong repeatedly raided inland, Degong drove him back each time.

九年，鄭成功圍漳州，命天祿赴援，成功引退。 In the ninth year Zheng Chenggong besieged Zhangzhou. Tianlu was ordered to relieve the city, and Chenggong withdrew.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 259Volume 259 Biographies 46: Yi Li Bu, Ha Ke San, A Er Hu, Lu Shen, Ya Ji, Kuo Er Kun, Wang Chengye · 1 passage

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鄭成功據台灣為亂，議者謂當徙瀕海居民入內地，以避剽掠，絕接濟，命宜里布與尚書蘇納海歷江南、浙江、福建勘疆界。 With Zheng Chenggong holding Taiwan in revolt, officials urged relocating coastal populations inland to escape raids and cut off rebel supplies. Yi Li Bu and Minister Sunahai were sent to survey boundaries through Jiangnan, Zhejiang, and Fujian.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 264Volume 264 Biographies 51: Hao Weine, Ren Kepu, Liu Hongru, Liu Jian, Zhang Tingshu · 2 passages

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十二年，疏言：「鄭成功蹂躪漳、泉，窺伺省會。 During the twelfth year he memorialized: "Zheng Chenggong ravages Zhangzhou and Quanzhou and watches the provincial capital.

成功數犯京口，泊舟平洋沙為巢穴。 Chenggong has repeatedly raided Jingkou and moors his boats at Pingyang Shoal as a nest.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 265Volume 265 Biographies 52: Tang Bin, Lu Longqi, Zhang Boxing · 1 passage

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明將李玉廷率所部萬人據雩都山寨，約降，未及期，而鄭成功犯江寧。 The Ming loyalist Li Yuting held a mountain stronghold at Yudu with ten thousand men and had agreed to surrender, but before the deadline Zheng Chenggong struck at Jiangning.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 282Volume 282 Biographies 69: Jiang Xizhe, Yu Jin, De Ge Lei, Chen Zizhi, Ren Hongjia, Gao Cengyun, Shen Kaiceng, Gong Xianglin, Gao Xiachang · 4 passages

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鄭成功兵來犯，攻城，希轍督民守，遇事立應。 When Zheng Chenggong's forces came to attack and laid siege to the city, Xizhe led the people in its defense and met every emergency as it arose.

援至，破成功兵齊云江上。 Reinforcements arrived, and Chenggong's army was routed on the Qiyun River.

康熙初，鄭成功已死，其子錦屯廈門。 Early in Kangxi, Zheng Chenggong was already dead, and his son Jing held Xiamen.

初，鄭成功犯鎮江，重光縋城乞援。 Earlier, when Zheng Chenggong attacked Zhenjiang, Chongguang let himself down from the wall by rope to beg for reinforcements.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 298Volume 298 Biographies 85: Ga Er Bi, Fa La, Cha Kedan, Qin Bai, Chang Lai, Ha Yuan Sheng, Ha Shang De, Dong Fang, Cha Bina, Da Fu, Ding Shou, Su Tu · 2 passages

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偕安南將軍達素等師下廈門，擊鄭成功。 He joined An'nan General Dasu and others in leading an army to Xiamen against Zheng Chenggong.

父敦泰，從達素擊鄭成功，戰死。 His father Duntai followed Dasu against Zheng Chenggong and was killed in action.