Yongzheng Emperor (世宗)

Overview

Yongzheng Emperor was a Fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty, who reigned from AD 1723 to 1735.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1735 十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 57
AD 1735 雍正十三年…遺詔
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 107

Attested activity

AD 1723 to AD 1735 世宗
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 6
AD 1723 to AD 1735 世宗
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 441, passage 75
AD 1723 世宗允之
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 57
AD 1723 世宗即位
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 283, passage 167
AD 1735 十三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 57
AD 1725 to AD 1727 雍正三年書成，五年頒布
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 58

Show 6 more source-backed claims

AD 1724 雍正二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passage 136
AD 1723 雍正元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passages 50-51; Draft History of Qing 483, passage 30
AD 1728 雍正六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 64
AD 1735 雍正十三年遺詔
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 107
AD 1726 雍正四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 37
AD 1723 雍正間
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 142

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Third Imperial Son (皇三子)
third imperial son 皇三子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 33

Key source chapters

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passages 3, 6
Qing
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passages 50, 104
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passages 37, 142; Draft History of Qing 142, passage 57; Draft History of Qing 335, passage 64

Works and attributed material

Edict · Speaker
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 287, passages 136-142, 177-185
Testamentary edict · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passages 107-112

Events and relationships

Appointed compilers
Legal · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 142, passage 57
Changed mongol audience rotations
AD 1726 雍正四年 · Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 37
Ordered elliptical method
AD 1723 to AD 1735 世宗 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 26, passage 6
Ordered posthumous kingship for five generations
AD 1723 雍正元年 · Ritual · Sovereign
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 483, passage 30
Permitted western etiquette and handshake
AD 1723 雍正間 · Diplomatic · Host · With Pope (教皇)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 91, passage 142
Received
Audience · Ruler · With Hu Gui (胡貴)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 64

References in the histories

Search passages

History

28 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 26Volume 26 Treatises 1: Astronomy 1, Celestial Phenomena, Earth Shape, and Terrestrial Distances · 1 passage

Open chapter

世宗復以歲久積差，準監臣改用橢圓術。 Yongzheng, seeing accumulated error over the years, had supervising astronomers adopt elliptical theory.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 91Volume 91 Treatises 66: Rites 10, Bin Li · 2 passages

Open chapter

雍正四年，帝念四十九旗王公台吉遠至勤勞，詔改三班，二歲一朝。 In the fourth year of Yongzheng, the emperor, mindful of the long journey and labor of the princes and taiji of the forty-nine banners, decreed a change to three rotations, with audiences every two years.

雍正間，羅馬教皇遣使來京，世宗許行西禮，且與握手。 During Yongzheng, the Pope of Rome sent envoys to the capital; the Yongzheng Emperor permitted them to use Western etiquette and even shook hands with them.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 142Volume 142 Treatises 117: Penal Law 1 · 2 passages

Open chapter

世宗允之，命大學士硃軾等為總裁，諭令於應增應減之處，再行詳加分晰，作速修完。 The Shizong approved, appointed Grand Secretary Zhu Shi and others as chief compilers, and instructed that where additions and subtractions were needed they should be analyzed in detail and the revision completed swiftly.

雍正十三年，世宗遺詔有曰：「國家刑罰禁令之設，所以詰奸除暴，懲貪黜邪，以端風俗，以肅官方者也。 In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, the Yongzheng Emperor's deathbed edict declared: "The state establishes punishments and prohibitions to root out wickedness and violence, punish greed and drive out corruption, rectify public morals, and keep officialdom in order.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 283Volume 283 Biographies 70: Jue Luo Wu Mo Ne, Shu Lan, Tu Li Chen, He Guozong · 1 passage

Open chapter

世宗即位，命赴廣東察籓庫，就擢廣東布政使。 When Yongzheng acceded, he was sent to inspect Guangdong's treasury and was promoted provincial administration commissioner on the spot.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 287Volume 287 Biographies 74: Tong Guo Wei, Ma Qi, A Ling A, Kui Xu, E Lundai · 7 passages

Open chapter

世宗手書「仁孝勤恪」榜，命表於墓道。 Emperor Shizong personally wrote the tablet 'Benevolent, Filial, Diligent, and Earnest' and ordered it set up along the tomb road.

世宗即位，降敕褒諭，予一等阿達哈哈番，尋命襲其祖哈什屯一等阿思哈尼哈番，進二等伯，加太子太保。 When Emperor Shizong took the throne, he issued a commendatory edict, granting a first-class ada hafan; Ma Qi was soon ordered to inherit his grandfather Hashutun's first-class ashan i hafan, was raised to second-class baron, and made Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

世宗即位，授領侍衛內大臣。 When Emperor Shizong took the throne, he was appointed Chief Grand Minister of the Imperial Bodyguard.

雍正二年，世宗召諸大臣諭曰：「本朝大臣中，居心奸險，結黨營私，惟阿靈阿、揆敘為甚。 In Yongzheng year 2 Emperor Shizong summoned the great ministers and said: 'Among this dynasty's ministers, none were more treacherous in heart or more given to faction and private gain than Aringa and Kui Xu.

世宗立，召還，授正藍旗漢軍都統。 When Emperor Shizong took the throne he was recalled and appointed Commandant of the Plain Blue Banner Chinese Brigade.

然二人者，皆非出本心，聖祖諒之，世宗亦諒之，故能恩禮勿替，賞延於後嗣。 Yet neither acted from his true heart; the Sacred Ancestor understood, and Emperor Shizong understood as well, and so favor and ritual were never withdrawn, and rewards extended to their descendants.

若阿靈阿父子、揆敘、鄂倫岱、王鴻緒固擁允禩最力者，世宗既譴允禩，諸臣生者被重誅，死者蒙惡名，將安所逃罪？ As for Aringa father and son, Kui Xu, Olondai, and Wang Hongxu — those who most forcefully backed Yinshi — once Emperor Shizong punished Yinshi, living ministers suffered heavy execution and the dead bore foul names; where could guilt escape?

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 335Volume 335 Biographies 122: Fu Senga, Yi Leitu, Hu Gui, Yu Jin Ao, Yin Dexi, Gang Ta · 1 passage

Open chapter

雍正六年，齎奏入都，世宗召入見。 In the sixth year of Yongzheng he brought a memorial to the capital and was received in audience by the Yongzheng Emperor.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 1 passage

Open chapter

本律盜案不分首從，聖祖、世宗加以區別。 The basic code for robbery cases did not distinguish principals from accessories; the Kangxi and Yongzheng emperors added such distinctions.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 13 passages

Open chapter

雍正元年，世宗命追封先聖五代王爵。 In the first year of Yongzheng, the Yongzheng Emperor ordered that five generations of the ancient sage be ennobled posthumously as kings.

十月，毓圻詣闕謝，疾作，上命醫診視，賜參餌。 In the tenth month Yu Qi came to court to offer thanks; he fell ill, and the Emperor ordered physicians to attend him and sent ginseng as medicine.

十一月，卒於京師，上遣內大臣奠茶酒。 In the eleventh month he died in the capital; the Emperor sent an inner grand minister to offer libations of tea and wine.

喪歸，命皇三子及莊親王允祿臨奠，行人護行，賜葬，諡恭愨。 When his coffin returned home, the Emperor ordered the third imperial son and Prince Zhuang Yunlu to attend the mourning, sent officials to escort the procession, granted state burial, and gave him the posthumous title Gongque.

康熙間賜二品冠服，襲爵後一年，世宗幸學，召傳鐸陪祀。 During the Kangxi reign he was granted second-rank court dress. One year after inheriting the title, when the Yongzheng Emperor visited the Imperial Academy, Chuan Duo was summoned to assist at the sacrifice.

傳鐸老，病足，命其子繼溥代行禮。 Chuan Duo was elderly and lame; the Emperor ordered his son Jibo to perform the rites on his behalf.

六月，孔子廟災，傳鐸用明弘治間故事，率族人素服三日哭，疏引咎，上遣侍郎王景曾祭告。 In the sixth month the Temple of Confucius caught fire. Chuan Duo followed the Ming Hongzhi precedent, led the clan in mourning dress for three days of weeping, and submitted a self-reproach memorial; the Emperor sent Vice Minister Wang Jingceng to announce the sacrifice.

尋發帑重建，命侍郎留保會巡撫岳濬、前巡撫陳世倌庀工役，而以傳鐸董其事。 Soon afterward imperial funds were released for rebuilding; the Emperor ordered Vice Minister Liubao to work with Governor Yue Jun and former governor Chen Shichang in organizing the labor, while Chuan Duo supervised the project.

因請增設樂器庫直房，上許之。 He then asked for a direct office attached to the musical-instrument repository, and the Emperor approved.

九年，上命修孔林，仍與世倌監理，疾作乞休，上允之。 In the ninth year the Emperor ordered repairs to the Kong Forest; Chuan Duo continued to supervise the work with Chen Shichang. When illness set in he asked to retire, and the Emperor allowed it.

子繼濩前卒，命以孫廣棨襲。 His son Jihuo had died earlier, so the Emperor ordered his grandson Guang Qi to succeed.

上御圓明園正大光明殿，召入對，命坐賜茶，諭曰：「汝為先聖後，當存聖賢心，行聖賢事，秉禮守義，以驕奢為戒。 The Emperor received him in the Hall of Rectitude and Brightness at the Old Summer Palace, summoned him for audience, had him seated, and granted tea. He instructed him: "As a descendant of the ancient sage, you must keep the sages' heart, do the sages' deeds, hold to ritual and righteousness, and guard against pride and luxury.

十三年，世宗崩，入臨。 In the thirteenth year the Yongzheng Emperor died, and he came to the capital to mourn.