Xiang Rong (向榮) | 24 Histories

Overview

Xiang Rong was a Qing commander.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1856 六年
At Danyang 丹陽
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 100

Attested activity

AD 1853 三年正月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 397, passage 49
AD 1850 三十年春
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 193, 195
AD 1853 三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 161
AD 1853 三年正月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 211
AD 1852 二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 399, passages 56, 59
AD 1856 六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 183

Show 10 more source-backed claims

AD 1856 六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 87, 100
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 146
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 398, passage 96
AD 1851 咸豐元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passages 19-20
AD 1851 咸豐元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 47
AD 1851 to AD 1852 咸豐元年至二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 396, passages 29, 31, 34
AD 1854 咸豐四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 85
AD 1850 廣西軍事亟
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 17
AD 1851 提督向榮軍東北
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 172, 177
AD 1850 道光三十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 393, passage 45

Key source chapters

Career and standing

commander of the main army 向榮大軍
AD 1853 三年正月 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 397, passage 49
Provincial Commander 提督
AD 1850 三十年春 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195
regional commander 提督
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 20; Draft History of Qing 399, passage 56
Regional Commander 提督
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 177; Draft History of Qing 396, passage 31

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 85; Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195; Draft History of Qing 385, passages 17, 183; Draft History of Qing 397, passage 49; Draft History of Qing 399, passages 56, 211; Draft History of Qing 405, passage 100
At Huaiyuan, Guangxi 廣西懷遠 · Relation Encamped at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195
At Wugang 武岡 · Relation Advanced from
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195

Events and relationships

Advanced Longliao and urged escape route
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 179-180
Cross Yangzi
Military · Proposed commander · Mode named-person-proposal Speaker Weng Xincun (翁心存)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 161
Defeated rebels
AD 1850 三十年春 · Military · Commander · With Li Yuanfa (李沅發) · At Huaiyuan, Guangxi 廣西懷遠
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195
Defeated rebels
AD 1851 咸豐元年 · Military · Commander · At Zhongping and Guiping 中坪、桂平
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 31
Divided Yangtze command with Qi Shan
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Military · Commander · With Qishan (琦善)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 85
Jiangnan camp collapsed
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 100

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Led troops into the city after the rebels withdrew
AD 1853 三年正月 · Military · Commander · At Wuchang 武昌
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 211
Raced to the rescue
AD 1852 二年 · Military · Reliever · At Guilin 桂林
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 399, passage 56
Relation Subordinate of · Person Yu Tai (裕泰)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 195

Assessments and attributes

Assessment claiming merit while feigning illness · Mode named-person Source Person Id Wu Wenrong (吳文鎔)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 396, passage 31

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passages 161, 183; Draft History of Qing 397, passage 49

References in the histories

Search passages

History

30 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 370Volume 370 Biographies 157: Qi Shan, Yi Libu, Zong Shiqiying · 1 passage

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自琦善與向榮分主大江南北軍事，攻戰年餘，鎮江、瓜洲迄未克復，無得力水師，不能扼賊，琦善雖議增水師，亦未果。 From the time Qi Shan and Xiang Rong divided command north and south of the Yangtze, they fought for more than a year without retaking Zhenjiang or Guazhou. Without a capable navy they could not block the rebels, and Qi Shan's proposal to expand the fleet also came to nothing.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 380Volume 380 Biographies 167: Chen Ruolin, Dai Sanxi, Sun Erzhun, Cheng Zuluo, Ma Jisheng, Yu Tai, He Zhangling · 1 passage

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裕泰度賊不南趨廣西全州，即入新寧瑤峒，令提督向榮由武岡進屯廣西懷遠，遇賊擊破之。 Yu Tai judged that if the rebels did not flee south toward Quanzhou in Guangxi they would enter the Yao ravines of Xinning; he ordered Provincial Commander Xiang Rong to advance from Wugang and encamp at Huaiyuan in Guangxi, where he met and defeated them.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 3 passages

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永安城小，都統烏蘭泰軍西南，提督向榮軍東北，合滇、黔、楚、蜀兵四萬餘人，賊數千壁險死鬥。 Yong'an was a small city; Banner Commander Ulan Tai held the southwest and Regional Commander Xiang Rong the northeast; together they had more than forty thousand troops from Yunnan, Guizhou, Huguang, and Sichuan, while several thousand rebels held the high ground and fought desperately.

瑩與烏蘭泰皆主擊水竇，絕賊外援，向榮不從，自由龍寮嶺進而敗，乃議開水竇一路縱賊逸，尾追擊之。 Yao and Ulan Tai both urged an assault on Shuidou to cut off outside help; Xiang Rong refused, advanced by Longliao Ridge, and was defeated; the command then proposed opening Shuidou to let the rebels escape and chasing them afterward.

瑩力辯其失，賽尚阿仍用向榮策，賊果突圍出犯桂林，烏蘭泰戰死，賽尚阿逮問。 Yao argued strenuously against the plan, but Saišangga followed Xiang Rong's strategy; the rebels broke out, struck toward Guilin, Ulan Tai was killed in battle, and Saišangga was arrested.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 385Volume 385 Biographies 172: Du Shoutian Son: Han, Qi Junzao Son: Shi Zhang, Weng Xincun, Peng Yunzhang · 3 passages

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提督向榮老於軍事，以同列不和被謗，力陳輿論，數保全之。 The veteran commander Xiang Rong was attacked for clashing with colleagues; Shoutian cited public opinion and several times kept him in post.

三年，江寧陷，心存疏陳兵事，請乘賊勢未定，飭向榮渡江，陳金綬進屯浦口，以上海水師溯流沖其前，江忠源、鄧紹良之師掩其後，四路進攻； In 1853, after Nanjing fell, he urged striking before the rebels settled: Xiang Rong across the Yangzi, Chen Jinshou at Pukou, Shanghai ships upstream, Jiang Zhongyuan and Deng Shaoliang from behind—a four-way assault;

今寧國先陷，逼近宜興，向榮近守丹陽，溧水、句容相繼失守，宜責向榮嚴扼丹陽，令張國樑率精兵駐宜興扼東壩，別簡水師駐太湖，庶蘇、常兩郡可保無事。 With Ningguo fallen near Yixing and Lishui and Jurong lost, he urged Xiang Rong to hold Danyang, Zhang Guoliang to block Dongba from Yixing, and a fleet on Taihu to save Suzhou and Changzhou.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 7 passages

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時廣西匪亂方熾，巡撫週天爵、提督向榮會剿，不能制賊，起用林則徐，未至，道卒。 At that time the rebellion in Guangxi was blazing; Governor Zhou Tianjue and Regional Commander Xiang Rong campaigned together but could not contain the rebels; Lin Zexu was brought back into service but died on the journey before he arrived.

週天爵與向榮不協，解其任，以鄒鳴鶴代之。 Because Zhou Tianjue and Xiang Rong could not work together, Zhou was dismissed and Zou Minghe was appointed governor in his stead.

於是向榮連破賊於中坪及桂平新墟。 Thereupon Xiang Rong won successive victories over the rebels at Zhongping and at Guiping's new market town.

向榮任北路，烏蘭泰任南路。 Xiang Rong took the northern sector and Wulantai the southern.

二年正月，賽尚阿親往督之，用向榮策，缺城北一隅不置兵，縱其出，因而擊之。 In the first month of the second year (1852) Sai Shang'a went in person to direct operations; following Xiang Rong's plan, he left one stretch of the north wall unguarded, let the rebels break out, and then attacked them.

烏蘭泰爭之不得，素與榮不協，至是益相水火。 Wulantai objected but could not prevail; he had long been at odds with Xiang Rong, and now their hostility became outright.

而賊遽犯桂林，向榮走間道入城守禦，烏蘭泰尾追至將軍橋，猝被砲傷，旋殞於軍，總兵長瑞、長壽、董光甲、邵鶴齡亦戰歿。 but the rebels at once threatened Guilin; Xiang Rong slipped into the city by a side road to organize the defense; Wulantai pursued to Jiangjun Bridge, was struck down by artillery, and died in camp; brigade generals Chang Rui, Chang Shou, Dong Guangjia, and Shao Heling also fell in battle.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 393Volume 393 Biographies 180: Li Xingyuan, Zhou Tianjue, Lao Chongguang · 6 passages

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巡撫鄭祖琛、提督閔正鳳皆以貽誤黜去，週天爵、向榮繼為巡撫、提督。 Governor Zheng Zuchen and military commander Min Zhengfeng were both dismissed for negligence; Zhou Tianjue and Xiang Rong succeeded them as governor and military commander respectively.

咸豐元年春，向榮進剿，賊由大黃江、牛排嶺竄新墟、紫荊山。 In the spring of 1851, Xiang Rong advanced to suppress them; the rebels fled from the Dahuang River and Niupai Ridge toward Xinxu and Zijing Mountain.

榮、天爵各進擊，賊踞東鄉，兩軍攻之不克。 Xiang Rong and Zhou Tianjue each advanced to attack, but the rebels held Dongxiang and both armies failed to dislodge them.

咸豐元年春，親率兵與向榮會剿金田匪洪秀全等。 In the spring of 1851 he personally led troops to join Xiang Rong in suppressing Hong Xiuquan and the Jintian rebels.

天爵年近八旬，每戰親臨前敵，惟與李星沅、向榮皆不協。 Though nearly eighty, Tianjue personally went to the front in every battle, yet he could not cooperate with either Li Xingyuan or Xiang Rong.

慶遠賊竄武緣、賓州，崇光偕提督向榮會剿。 Rebels from Qingyuan fled to Wuyuan and Binzhou; Chongguang joined military commander Xiang Rong in a joint suppression campaign.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 2 passages

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時江南大營需餉甚鉅，宗漢貽書向榮，通盤籌算，請於江蘇、浙江、江西三省確定每月額數。 The great Jiangnan camp needed vast supplies; Zonghan wrote to Xiang Rong with a comprehensive plan to fix monthly quotas from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi.

榮據以上聞，文宗韙之。 Xiang forwarded the plan to the throne, and the Xianfeng Emperor approved it.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 396Volume 396 Biographies 183: Wu Wenrong, Pan Duo, Deng Erheng · 1 passage

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粵匪日熾，文鎔疏論提督向榮冒功託病，恐誤軍事，詔選將才，奏保游擊巴揚阿等九人。 The Taiping rebels grew daily stronger; Wenrong memorialized that Regional Commander Xiang Rong was claiming merit while feigning illness, fearing this would harm military affairs; the court ordered selection of capable generals, and he memorialized recommending nine men including Assistant Regional Commander Bayang'a.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 397Volume 397 Biographies 184: Lu Jianying, Yang Wending, Qing Lin, Chong Lun, He Guiqing · 1 passage

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於是祥厚、宿藻等疏劾建瀛棄險失機，進退無據，並及江蘇巡撫楊文定違旨去江寧，上大怒，諭曰：「陸建瀛一戰兵潰，不知收合餘燼，與向榮大軍協力攻擊； Xianghou, Suzao, and others then impeached Jianying for abandoning key positions, missing his chance, and acting without plan, and also accused Jiangsu governor Yang Wending of leaving Nanjing against orders. The emperor was furious and declared: "After one battle Lu Jianying's troops routed, yet he did not rally the survivors to join Xiang Rong's main force in a coordinated attack;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 398Volume 398 Biographies 185: Zong Shixianghou, Huo Longwu, Fu Zhu Hong A, En Zhang, Chen Shengyuan, Qi Suzao, Chen Kerang, Liu Tongying, Rui Chang, Jie Chun, Xi Ling A · 1 passage

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賊初至，假向榮書請入城，同纓察其詐，卻之。 When the rebels first arrived they forged a letter from Xiang Rong asking to be admitted into the city. Tongying saw through the ruse and refused.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 399Volume 399 Biographies 186: Lv Xianji, Zou Minghe, Dai Xi, Tang Yifen, Zhang Fei, Huang Cong, Tao Tingjie, Feng Peiyuan, Sun Mingen, Shen Bingyuan, Zhang Xigeng · 3 passages

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二年，賊由永安突犯桂林，城中兵僅千人，倉猝防禦，提督向榮馳援，民心始定。 In the second year the rebels burst out of Yong'an and struck Guilin. The city had barely a thousand troops and had to organize defense in haste. Regional commander Xiang Rong raced to the rescue, and the people's panic eased.

賊遂分竄，賽尚阿促向榮追擊，鳴鶴堅留防賊回竄，互疏爭。 The rebels then split and fled. Saishanga pressed Xiang Rong to pursue, while Minghe insisted on staying to guard against their return, and the two exchanged opposing memorials.

三年正月，賊去，向榮率兵入城，有以告者，始出而殮之，屍如生。 In the first month of the third year the rebels withdrew. Xiang Rong led troops into the city, and when someone reported what had happened, the body was at last recovered and encoffined, looking as if he were still alive.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 405Volume 405 Biographies 192: Ceng Guofan · 1 passage

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而是時江南大營潰，督師向榮退守丹陽，卒。 Yet at that very moment the Great Camp of Jiangnan collapsed; Commander Xiang Rong fell back to Danyang and died there.