Shi Yanqiong (史彥瓊)

Overview

Shi Yanqiong was a Military Commissioner and Actor.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Yanqiong	彦瓊	Yanqiong

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 923 to AD 936 《史彥瓊傳》
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 212
AD 925 三年冬
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 69, passages 91-92
AD 926 五日晚
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 69
AD 925 先是，有密詔令史彥瓊殺朱友謙之子
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 51
AD 923 to AD 926 同光
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passages 60, 78
AD 926 同光四年二月丙申
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 42

Show 3 more source-backed claims

AD 926 四月丁亥朔
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passages 86, 88
AD 926 是夜三更
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 77
AD 925 to AD 926 武德使史彥瓊者
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 48

Key source chapters

Career and standing

actor 伶官
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 48
Military Virtue Commissioner 武德使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 78
Wude commissioner 武德使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 42, 48

Places and affiliations

Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 42, 48
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 212
At Ye 鄴 · Relation Stationed at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 48, 69
At Ye 鄴都 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 78

Works and attributed material

Biography of Shi Yanqiong 史彥瓊傳
Relation Subject of
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 212
Report · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 42
Speech · Speaker · With Sun Duo (孫鐸)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 87
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 70, 75

Events and relationships

Abandoned ye
Military · Commander · With Zhao Zaili (趙在禮)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passages 87-89
Dominated capital prefecture
Political · Power holder · At Ye capital prefecture 都府
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 48-49
Fled alone to capital
Travel · Fugitive
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 78
Fled north gate
Military · Commander · At north gate 北門
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 77
Left city at midnight
Travel · Actor
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 52-53
Ordered to kill
AD 925 先是，有密詔 · Legal · Agent · With Jianhui (建徽)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 51

Show 4 more source-backed claims

Raced from Ye to report Beizhou mutiny
AD 926 同光四年二月丙申 · Military report · Messenger · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 42
Refused defense plan
Military · Resister · With Sun Duo (孫鐸)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 75-76
Relation Favorite of · Person Cunxu (帝)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 48
Relation Trusted intimate of · Person Cunxu (帝)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 48

Assessments and attributes

Assessment foremost among those who ruined government · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 60

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 42, 48; Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 212; New History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 60

References in the histories

Search passages

History

23 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 34Volume 34 Book of Later Tang 10: Zhuangzong Annals 8 · 13 passages

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丙申，武德使史彥瓊自鄴馳報稱：「今月六日，貝州屯駐兵士突入都城，剽劫坊市。」 On bingshen Shi Yanqiong raced from Ye to report Beizhou garrison troops had stormed the city on the sixth and looted the markets."

武德使史彥瓊者，以伶官得幸，帝待以腹心之任，都府之中，威福自我，正言以下，皆脅肩低首，曲事不暇。 Shi Yanqiong, commissioner of Wude, had won favor as an actor, and the emperor entrusted him as an intimate. Within the capital prefecture, authority and favor issued from him alone; Wang Zhengyan and those below him all hunched their shoulders and bowed their heads, too busy currying favor to do anything else.

先是，有密詔令史彥瓊殺朱友謙之子澶州刺史建徽。 A secret edict had ordered Shi Yanqiong to kill Zhu Youqian's son Jianhui, prefect of Chan.

史彥瓊夜半出城，不言所往。 Shi Yanqiong rode out at midnight without saying where.

詰旦，閽報正言曰：「史武德夜半馳馬而去，不知何往。」 At dawn the gate officer told Zhengyan that Shi Yanqiong had fled at midnight."

是日人情震駭，訛言云：「劉皇后以繼岌死於蜀，已行弑逆，帝已晏駕，故急征彥瓊。」 Rumor spread that Empress Liu had murdered Cunxu after Jiji's death in Shu, explaining Shi Yanqiong's midnight ride."

五日晚，有自貝州來者，言亂兵將犯都城，都巡檢使孫鐸等急趨史彥瓊之第，告曰：「賊將至矣，請給鎧仗，登陴拒守。」 On the fifth evening, someone arrived from Bei Prefecture saying the rebel troops were about to attack the capital; patrol commissioner Sun Duo and others hurried to Shi Yanqiong's residence and told him, "The rebels are about to arrive. Please issue armor and weapons so we can mount the walls and defend them."

彥瓊曰：「今日賊至臨清，計程六日方至，為備未晚。」 Shi Yanqiong said, "Today the rebels have reached Linqing; by the route it will be six days before they arrive, so it is not too late to prepare."

請僕射率眾登陴，鐸以勁兵千人伏於王莽河逆擊之； He asked Shi Yanqiong to hold the wall while he ambushed a thousand elite troops at Wangmang River.

彥瓊曰：「但訓士守城，何須即戰。」 Shi Yanqiong said, "Simply train the soldiers to defend the city. Why must we fight at once?"

時彥瓊疑孫鐸等有他誌，故拒之。 He suspected Sun Duo's motives and rejected the plan.

是夜三更，賊果攻北門，彥瓊時以部眾在北門樓，聞賊呼噪，即時驚潰。 At the third watch rebels hit the north gate; Shi Yanqiong fled from the tower in panic.

彥瓊單騎奔京師。 He fled alone on horseback to the capital.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 63Volume 63 Book of Later Tang 39: Biographies 15: Zhang Quanyi, Zhu Youqian · 1 passage

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〈（吳縝《篡誤》云：《史彥瓊傳》，友謙有子建徽被殺。 (According to Wu Zhen's Compendium of Errors (Zuanwu), the Biography of Shi Yanqiong records that Youqian's son Jianhui was killed,

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 69Volume 69 Book of Later Tang 45: Biographies 21: Zhang Xian, Wang Zhengyan, Hu Zhuang, Cui Yisun, Meng Hu, Sun Yue, Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, Liu Yanlang · 2 passages

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時武德使史彥瓊，監守鄴都，廩帑出納，兵馬製置，皆出彥瓊，將佐官吏，頤指氣使，正言不能以道禦之，但趑趄聽命。 At that time the Military Virtue commissioner Shi Yanqiong supervised and guarded Yedu; granary receipts and disbursements and military arrangements all issued from Yanqiong. Generals, staff, and officials he ordered about imperiously; Zhengyan could not restrain him by principle but only hesitated and obeyed.

至是，貝州戍兵亂，入魏州，彥瓊望風敗走，亂兵剽劫坊市。 At this time the garrison troops of Beizhou mutinied and entered Weizhou; Yanqiong fled at the mere rumor of their approach, and the mutineers plundered the wards and markets.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 37Volume 37 Biographies 17: · 7 passages

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其敗政亂國者，有景進、史彦瓊、郭門高三人為最。 The men who wrecked the realm were three: Jing Jin, Shi Yanqiong, and Men Gao.

史彦瓊者，為武德使，居鄴都，而魏博六州之政皆決彦瓊，自留守王正言而下，皆俛首承事之。 Shi Yanqiong held Ye as Military Virtue Commissioner and ruled Weibo’s six prefectures; from Wang Zhengyan the garrison commander down, everyone kowtowed to him.

友謙子建徽為澶州刺史，有詔彦瓊使殺之，彦瓊秘其事，夜半馳出城。 Youqian’s son Jianhui governed Chanzhou; orders came for Yanqiong to kill him; Yanqiong hid the command and fled the city at midnight.

鄴人見彦瓊無故夜馳出，因驚傳曰：「劉皇后怒崇韜之殺繼岌也，已弑帝而自立，急召彦瓊計事。」 Seeing Yanqiong bolt at midnight without cause, Ye took fright and whispered: “The empress, enraged that Chongtao killed her son, has slain the emperor and seized the throne—she has called Yanqiong in haste to plot.”

在禮已至館陶，鄴都巡檢使孫鐸，見彦瓊求兵禦賊，彦瓊不肯與，曰：「賊未至，至而給兵豈晚邪？」 Zaili was already at Guantao; Sun Duo the patrol commissioner begged Yanqiong for troops; Yanqiong refused: “The rebels aren’t here yet—why not wait until they are?”

已而賊至，彦瓊以兵登北門，聞賊呼聲，大恐，棄其兵而走，單騎歸於京師。 The rebels came; Yanqiong manned the North Gate, heard their battle cries, panicked, threw down his men, and rode alone to the capital.

在禮由是得入於鄴以成其叛亂者，由彦瓊啓而縱之也。 Zaili walked into Ye and made good his revolt—because Yanqiong opened the gate and let him pass.