Shi Siming (史思明) | 24 Histories

Overview

Shi Siming was a rebel.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 759 乾元二年十月
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 119, passage 143
AD 759 二年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 103
AD 759 二年六月六日
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 48
AD 759 俄而史思明亂
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 140, passage 51
AD 757 to AD 759 史思明...復叛
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 191
AD 757 to AD 761 史思明再陷東都
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 130, passage 170

Show 14 more source-backed claims

AD 759 to AD 761 史思明受降與南略
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passages 65-66
AD 755 to AD 761 史思明將
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 213, passage 79
AD 759 to AD 761 史思明已破東都
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 102
AD 759 to AD 761 史思明據東都
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 54, passage 195
AD 761 史思明餘黨
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passage 21
AD 760 夜襲陜
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 141, passage 180
AD 755 天寶十四載
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 67
AD 755 to AD 763 安、史之亂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passages 54, 113
AD 755 to AD 763 安、史之亂
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 188
AD 759 to AD 761 東都復為史思明所陷…僅而免死
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 170-174
AD 755 to AD 761 相繼割據
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 40, passage 14
AD 757 破安、史而復兩京
Directly stated · History of Song 359, passage 31
AD 757 to AD 761 祿山、思明
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 227
AD 755 to AD 763 祿山、思明之亂
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 131, passage 159

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Shi Chaoyi (史朝義)
son 子
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 141, passage 180

Key source chapters

Career and standing

rebel general 賊將
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 48
Identified as
Rebel
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 67

Places and affiliations

Yan rebel regime 史氏
Relation Led
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 79
Polity Great Yan (An-Shi) 燕 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passage 65
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Active in
Directly stated · History of Liao 40, passage 14
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 67; New Book of Tang 54, passage 195; New Book of Tang 56, passage 188
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled against
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passage 54
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 140, passage 51

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Polity Yan rebel regime 賊 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passages 48, 103
Polity Yan 燕 · Relation Led
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 138, passage 102
AD 759 二年六月六日
At Fanyang 范陽 · Relation Marched from
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 48
At eastern capital 東都 · Relation Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 195
At Fanyang 范陽 · Relation Associated
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 67

Works and attributed material

Coin inscription change · Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 196

Events and relationships

An Shi rebellion
Military · Leader · With An (安)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 188
An shi rebellion
Rebellion · Leader · With An Lushan (安祿山)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passages 54, 113
Captured
Military · Captor · With Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 171
Cast deyi yuanbao
Monetary · Issuer · At eastern capital 東都
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 195
Defeated imperial army
AD 759 二年 · Military · Victor · At Xiangzhou 相州
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 103
Defected then rebelled again
Military · Actor · With Gao Xiuyan (高秀巖)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 191

Show 17 more source-backed claims

Falsely appointed censor in chief
Political · Appointing authority · With Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 172
Led faction whose remnants were defeated
AD 761 上元二年春 · Military · Rebel leader · At Lushan 魯山
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 21
Pressed Heyang then defeated
Military · Attacker · With Li Guangbi (李光弼)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passages 103, 105
Rebelled and used Chen Xilie episode to win followers
Rebellion · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 140, passage 51
Received surrender
Military · Recipient of surrender · With Tian Shenggong (田神功)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 65
Relieved and fought
AD 759 二年六月六日 · Military · Reliever · With An Qingxu (安慶緒) · At north of the Anyang River 安陽河北 · Outcome Imperial army faltered
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 114, passage 48
Renamed coin shuntian yuanbao
Monetary · Issuer
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 196
Seized eastern capital
Military · Rebel commander
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 170
Seized Luoyang and advanced
Military · Commander · At Luoyang 東都
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 102
Seized territory
Military · Warlord · At Youzhou 幽州
Directly stated · History of Liao 40, passage 14
Sent generals south
Military · Commander · At Jianghuai 江淮
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 66
Sent Li Guiren against Boyu
AD 759 乾元二年十月 · Military · Commander · With Li Guiren (李歸仁)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 119, passage 143
Slaughtered imperial clan members
Legal · Persecutor
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 173
Threatened Changan
AD 761 上元二年二月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 119, passage 147
Relation Captor of · Person Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 171-172
Relation Co rebel with · Person Gao Xiuyan (高秀巖)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 191
Relation Former subordinate of · Person Pei Kuan (裴寬)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 171; Old Book of Tang 130, passage 171

Assessments and attributes

Assessment long admired Pei Xu; addressed him as Young Master without using his personal name · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 171-172
Assessment rebellious-spirit-infecting-Youzhou · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 180, passage 227
Item Deyi yuanbao 得一元寶 · Relation Issued
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 195
Item Shuntian yuanbao 順天元寶 · Relation Issued
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 196

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 195; New Book of Tang 56, passage 191
Changed coin inscription from 得一元寶 to 順天元寶 because 得一 was disliked as an ill omen for long rule
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 196

Later references and commemoration

Posthumous reference
Deceased
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 21

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 119Volume 115 Biographies 65: Cui Qi, Zhao Guozhen, Cui Guan, Jing Kuo, Wei Yuanfu, Wei Shaoyou, Wei Boyu, Li Cheng · 2 passages

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乾元二年十月，逆賊史思明遣偽將李歸仁鐵騎三千來犯，伯玉以數百騎於疆子阪擊破之，積屍滿野，虜馬六百匹，歸仁與其黨東走。 In the tenth month of 759 the rebel Shi Siming sent the false general Li Guiren with three thousand armored cavalry to attack. Boyu met them with several hundred horsemen at Jiangzi Slope and routed them. Corpses covered the ground, six hundred horses were captured, and Guiren fled east with his followers.

上元二年二月，史思明領眾西下圖長安，史朝義率其黨夜襲陜州。 In the second month of 761 Shi Siming led his forces west to threaten Chang'an, and Shi Chaoyi led his followers in a night raid on Shan prefecture.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 130Volume 126 Biographies 76: Li Kui, Li Han, Chen Shaoyou, Lu Yue, Pei Xu · 5 passages

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東都復為史思明所陷，谞藏匿山谷。 When the eastern capital fell again to Shi Siming, Xu hid in the mountains.

思明嘗為谞父將校，懷舊恩，又素慕谞名，欲必得之，因令捕騎數十跡逐得谞。 Siming had once served under Xu's father and, cherishing that old tie and long admiring Xu's reputation, was determined to have him. He sent dozens of mounted pursuers who tracked Xu down and captured him.

思明見之，甚喜，呼為郎君，不名，偽授御史中丞，主擊斷。 Siming was delighted, addressed him as Young Master without using his name, and falsely appointed him censor-in-chief in charge of judicial decisions.

時思明殘殺宗室，谞陰緩之，全活者數百人。 As Siming slaughtered members of the imperial clan, Xu secretly slowed the process and saved several hundred lives.

又嘗疏賊短長以聞，事泄，思明大怒詬罵，僅而免死。 He also sent intelligence on the rebels' strengths and weaknesses to the court. When this was discovered, Siming raged at him and he barely escaped execution.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 131Volume 127 Biographies 77: Yao Lingyan, Zhang Guangcheng, Yuan Xiu, Qiao Lin, Zhang She, Jiang Zhen, Hong Jinglun, Peng Yan · 1 passage

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初鎮父洌，叔渙，當祿山、思明之亂，並授偽職，然以家風修整，為士大夫所稱。 Earlier Zhen's father Lie and uncle Huan, during the rebellions of Lushan and Siming, had both accepted nominal offices, yet because the family style was well ordered they were praised by scholar-officials.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 145Volume 145: Treatises 7 Music 2 · 2 passages

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唐太宗復古道，乃用祖孝孫、張文收考正雅樂，而旋宮八十四調復見於時，在懸之器，方無啞者，安、史之亂，京都為墟，器之與工，十不存一，所用歌奏，漸多紕繆。 Emperor Taizong of Tang restored the ancient tradition and had Zu Xiaosun and Zhang Wenshou revise the court music, so that the eighty-four circulatory modes reappeared and no instrument in the bell-chime ensemble remained mute. The An and Shi rebellion left the capital in ruins; scarcely one instrument or craftsman in ten survived, and the music performed grew ever more corrupt.

自安、史亂離，鹹秦蕩覆。 After the An and Shi rebellion, the heartland was laid waste.

History of Liao, Chapter 40Volume 40 Treatises 10: Geography 4 · 1 passage

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安祿山、史思明、李懷山、朱滔、劉怦、劉濟，相繼割據。 An Lushan, Shi Siming, Li Huaishan, Zhu Tao, Liu Peng, and Liu Ji carved it out one after another.

History of Song, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 118: Li Gang 2 · 1 passage

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肅宗先保靈武，故能破安、史而復兩京。 Emperor Suzong first secured Lingwu, and only then was able to defeat An Lushan and Shi Siming and recover the two capitals.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 54Volume 54 Treatises 50: Finance and Economics 3 · 1 passage

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史思明據東都，亦鑄「得一元寶」錢，徑一寸四分，以一當開元通寶之百。 Shi Siming, holding the eastern capital, also minted "Deyi yuanbao"—one cun four fen, valued at one hundred Kaiyuan coins.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 56Volume 56 Treatises 52: Punishment and Law · 2 passages

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安、史之亂，偽官陸大鈞等背賊來歸，及慶緒奔河北，脅從者相率待罪闕下，自大臣陳希烈等合數百人。 During the An-Shi rebellion, puppet officials such as Lu Dajun and others deserted the rebels to submit; when Qingxu fled to Hebei, coerced followers came in succession to the palace gate to await judgment—from Grand Counselor Chen Xilie and others, several hundred in all.

初，史思明、高秀巖等皆自拔歸命，聞珣等被誅，懼不自安，乃復叛。 At first Shi Siming, Gao Xiuyan, and others had all willingly defected and submitted. Hearing that Xun and others had been executed, they feared for their lives and rebelled again.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 138Volume 138 Biographies 63: · 1 passage

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史思明已破東都，兇焰勃然，鼓而行，自謂無前。 Shi Siming had already seized Luoyang; his power blazed, and drumming his advance he deemed himself invincible.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 140Volume 140 Biographies 65: Cui Miao, Two Pei's, Lu · 1 passage

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俄而史思明亂，持是以誘眾。 Before long Shi Siming rebelled and used this episode to win followers.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 141Volume 141 Biographies 66: Cui, Deng, Wei, Wei, Li Han, Lu, Gao · 1 passage

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史思明遣子朝義夜襲陜，將動京師，伯玉迎擊，破之於永寧。 Shi Siming sent his son Chaoyi to raid Shan by night, intending to shake the capital. Boyu met the attack and defeated him at Yongning.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 144Volume 144 Biographies 69: Lai, Tian, Hou, Cui, Yan · 3 passages

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上元二年春，破史思明餘黨於魯山，俘賊渠，又戰汝州，獲馬、牛、橐駝，凡兩戰，斬首萬級。 In the spring of 761 he routed Shi Siming's remnants at Lushan, took rebel leaders prisoner, and fought again at Ruzhou, seizing horses, cattle, and camels; in two engagements he claimed ten thousand heads.

後守陳留，戰不勝，與許叔冀降於史思明。 Later, defending Chenliu, he was beaten and surrendered with Xu Shuji to Shi Siming.

思明使與南德信、劉從諫南略江淮，神功襲德信，斬之，從諫脫身走，乃並將其兵。 Siming sent him south with Nan Dexin and Liu Congjian to overrun Jianghuai; Shengong ambushed Dexin and killed him, and when Congjian fled he absorbed both armies.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 213Volume 213 Biographies 138: Buffer Regions: the Black, Green, and Yellow Seas · 1 passage

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圓靜者，年八十餘，嘗為史思明將，驍悍絕倫。 Yuanjing was over eighty, a former general under Shi Siming, and accounted the fiercest fighter of his day.