Ouyang Xiu (歐陽修) | 24 Histories

Overview

Ouyang Xiu was a historian and Writer.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Cultivated and Loyal Lord	文忠公

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1055 清寧元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passage 55
AD 1053 予聞長老為予言
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 217
AD 1056 to AD 1063 嘉祐中
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 98, passage 10
AD 1059 嘉祐四年十月
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 107, passage 36
AD 1060 奉敕撰
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
AD 1040 to AD 1072 如歐陽修
Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 49

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AD 1040 to AD 1070 宋史編纂時代
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 110, passage 3
AD 1036 to AD 1072 撰五代史記
Strongly inferred · History of Song 484, passage 2
AD 1040 to AD 1072 文忠公修
Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 182, passage 63
AD 1007 to AD 1072 歐陽修
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 104, passage 61
AD 1060 歐陽修作《唐書》
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 112, passage 15
AD 1036 to AD 1053 歐陽史
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 77, passage 157
AD 1036 to AD 1072 歐陽史
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 218; Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 172; Old History of the Five Dynasties 122, passages 9, 28; Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passage 36
AD 1053 歐陽史
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 139, passage 3
AD 1072 歐陽史
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 3
AD 1073 歐陽史
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 44
AD 1073 歐陽史
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 144, passage 134
AD 1036 to AD 1072 歐陽史記載莊宗勞瓚
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 135
AD 1067 治平四年正月戊辰
Directly stated · History of Song 14, passage 27

Family

Kin of Ouyang Xuan (歐陽玄)
same descent 同所自出 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 63

Key source chapters

Career and standing

historian 史家
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 139, passage 3
Bozhou prefect 知亳州
Dismissed
Directly stated · History of Song 14, passage 261
Academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall 龍圖閣學士
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
Attendant Gentleman 給事中
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
Compiler at the Historical Archive 史館脩撰
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
Drafter of Imperial Rescripts 知制誥
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1

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Grand Master for Palace Audience 朝散大夫
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
Hanlin Academician 翰林學士
Held
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
participating administrator 參知政事
Held
Directly stated · History of Song 14, passage 27
Cultivated and Loyal Lord 文忠公
Held posthumously
Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 63

Places and affiliations

Song 宋
Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 55
Polity Northern Song 北宋 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 172; History of Yuan 182, passage 63
Polity Song 宋 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 77, passage 157
Polity Song 宋 · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 10
Polity Song 宋 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Song 484, passage 2; New Book of Tang 20, passage 1; History of Yuan 182, passage 49
At Luling 廬陵 · Relation Ancestral place
Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 63

Works and attributed material

Biographies of the Six Tang Ministers 唐六臣傳
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Song 484, passage 2
Family Biographies in New History 家人傳
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 44
Ouyang History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 77, passage 157
Ouyang's History (New History of the Five Dynasties) 歐陽史
Relation Author
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 144, passage 134
Ouyang's History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 135
Treatise on Rites and Music 10 禮樂志第十
Relation Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1

Show 20 more source-backed claims

Biographies of Rebellious Ministers 逆臣傳
Relation Created
Directly stated · History of Liao 112, passage 15
Rites of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices on Continuity and Reform 太常因革禮
AD 1056 to AD 1063 嘉祐中 · Relation Compiler
Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 10
Biographies of the Imperial Family in Ouyang's History 歐陽史·家人傳
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 122, passages 9, 28
biographies of treacherous ministers 奸臣傳
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passage 3
Biography of Cui Zhuo 崔棁傳
Relation Author
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 144, passage 134
Book of Tang 唐書
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 112, passage 15
Historical Records of the Five Dynasties 五代史記
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Song 484, passage 2
History of the Five Dynasties 五代史
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 61
New Book of Tang 唐書
Relation Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
New History / Ouyang's History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passages 44, 48
New History of the Five Dynasties (Ouyang History) 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 139, passages 3, 67, 100, 110, 145
Ouyang History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 77, passage 157
Ouyang Xiu's history 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passages 3, 55
Ouyang Xiu's History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 172
Ouyang's Historical Records 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 218
Ouyang's History 歐陽史
Relation Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 135; Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passage 36
Deliberation · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Song 107, passages 36-50
Historical note · Author · Direct quotation · Mode named-source-report Source Work Ouyang's Historical Records 歐陽史
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 218
Historical note · Author · Direct quotation · Mode named-source-report Source Work Ouyang's History 歐陽史
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 126, passage 36
Narrative · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 217

Events and relationships

Congratulated accession
AD 1055 清寧元年丙申 · Diplomatic · Envoy
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 55
officials were ordered to establish a bureau for the compilation 命官設局
AD 1056 to AD 1063 嘉祐中 · Administrative · Organizer · Established bureau
Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 10
collected scattered ritual materials and oversaw compilation granted the title Rites of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices on Continuity and Reform 纂集散失…為一百卷，賜名《太常因革禮》
AD 1056 to AD 1063 嘉祐中 · Scholarly · Compiler · Gathered and edited
Directly stated · History of Song 98, passage 10

Assessments and attributes

Assessment placed Liao among the four barbarians · Mode allegation Source Person Id Liu Hui (劉輝)
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 61
Assessment used as a comparison for outward mildness and inward firmness · Mode witness-report Witness those who knew Zhang Qiyan
Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 49

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 172; Old History of the Five Dynasties 139, passage 3; New Book of Tang 20, passage 1
Value historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 77, passage 157; History of Yuan 182, passage 63

References in the histories

Search passages

History

29 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Book of Later Liang 11: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 2 passages

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又，案《五代會要》所載，內職有梁太祖昭儀陳氏、昭容李氏，《歐陽史》並見《家人傳》。）〉 The 《Five Dynasties Institutional Compendium》 also lists the Founder’s Lady of Bright Deportment Chen and Lady of Bright Countenance Li, both noted in Ouyang Xiu’s 《New History》 Family section.)〉

案《歐陽史次妃郭氏傳》云：晉天福三年，詔太社先藏罪人首級，許親屬收葬，乃出末帝首，遣右衛將軍安崇阮與妃同葬。 Ouyang’s 《History》 biography of Consort Guo notes that in Tianfu 3 Jin permitted families to claim criminals’ heads from the Grand Altar; the Last Emperor’s head was released and General An Chongruan buried it with his consort.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 14Volume 14 Book of Later Liang 14: Biographies 4: Luo Shaowei, Zhao Chou, Wang Ke · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史》云：梁太祖自同州降唐，即依重榮，以母王氏，故事重榮為舅。）〉 (Ouyang Xiu notes the Founder called Chongrong uncle through Lady Wang.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 59Volume 59 Book of Later Tang 35: Biographies 11: Ding Hui, Yan Bao, Fu Xi, Wu Zhen, Wang Zan, Yuan Xiangxian, Zhang Wen, Li Shaowen · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史》云：瓚伏地請死，莊宗勞而起之曰：「朕與卿家世婚姻，然人臣各為主耳，復何罪邪！」 (According to Ouyang Xiu's history: Wang Zan prostrated himself and begged for death. Zhuangzong raised him and said, "Our houses have been joined by marriage for generations. A minister serves his own lord. What crime is that?")

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 2 passages

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〈（《歐陽史》雲邢州人，《通鑒》雲汧州人。）〉 (Ouyang Xiu's history says he was from Xingzhou; the Zizhi Tongjian says from Qianzhou.)〉

《歐陽史》云：天復元年，梁遣氏叔琮攻晉，出天井關，遷開門降，為梁兵鄉道以攻太原，不克； Ouyang Xiu's history records that in 901 the Liang sent Shi Shuzong against Jin through Tianjing Pass; Qian opened the gates, guided the Liang army toward Taiyuan, and failed to take the city;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 63Volume 63 Book of Later Tang 39: Biographies 15: Zhang Quanyi, Zhu Youqian · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史》：晉王出澤潞以救之，追懷英於解縣，大敗之。 (Ouyang Xiu's History: The Prince of Jin marched through Ze and Lu to relieve him, pursued Kang Huaiying to Jie County, and crushed him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 77Volume 77 Book of Later Jin 3: Gaozu Annals 3 · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史》作契丹使中書令韓頻來奉冊。）〉 (Ouyang Xiu's history records that the Khitan chief councilor Han Pin came to present the register.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 122Volume 122 Book of Later Zhou 24: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 2 passages

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原本過於簡略，疑有刪節，今據《歐陽史·家人傳》云：初，帝舉兵於魏，漢以兵圍帝第，時張貴妃與諸子青哥、意哥，侄守筠、奉超、定哥皆被誅。 The base text is so terse that passages may have been cut; the following is drawn from Ouyang Xiu's family biographies. When the future Taizu first took up arms in Wei, the Later Han besieged his household. The honored consort Zhang, the boys Qingge and Yige, and the nephews Shoujun, Fengchao, and Dingge were all put to death.

〈（《歐陽史·家人傳》云：世宗子七人，長曰宜哥，次二皆未名，次曰恭皇帝，次曰熙讓，次曰熙謹，次曰熙誨，皆不知其母為誰氏，宜哥與其二皆為漢誅。 Ouyang Xiu's family biographies record seven sons of Shizong: the eldest Yige, two younger boys still unnamed, then the future Emperor Gong, then Xi Rang, Xi Jin, and Xi Hui. Their mothers are unknown. Yige and the two unnamed boys were killed by the Later Han.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 126Volume 126 Book of Later Zhou 28: Biographies 6: Feng Dao · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史》云：《兔園策》者，鄉校俚儒教田夫牧子之所誦也。 (Ouyang Xiu's History says the Rabbit Garden Stratagems was what rustic village teachers had farm boys and herdsmen memorize.)

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 139Volume 139: Treatises 1 Astronomy · 5 passages

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〈（案：《薛史天文志序》《永樂大典》原闕，然其日食、星變諸門，事跡具存，較《歐陽史·司天考》為詳備。 (Editor's note: The preface to the Astronomical Treatise in Xue Juzheng's History is originally missing from the Yongle Encyclopedia, but the chapters on solar eclipses, stellar changes, and related topics survive with their records intact and are fuller than the Heavenly Offices treatise in Ouyang Xiu's New History.)

〈（案《歐陽史》：九月丙辰，太白、歲相犯。 (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History records that on bingchen of the ninth month Venus and Jupiter came into mutual conjunction.)

〈（案《歐陽史》：九月辛巳，太白犯右執法。 (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History records that on xinsi of the ninth month Venus encroached on the Right Enforcer star.

〈（案：此條《歐陽史》不載。）〉 (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History does not include this entry.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 144Volume 144: Treatises 6 Music 1 · 1 passage

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〈（《歐陽史·崔棁傳》：高祖詔太常復文武二舞，詳定正冬朝會禮及樂章。 (Ouyang's History [New History of the Five Dynasties], Biography of Cui Zhuo: Gaozu ordered the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to restore the civil and military dances and to fix in detail the rites of the winter court assembly and the music sections.

History of Liao, Chapter 21Volume 21 Annals 21: Daozong 1 · 1 passage

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丙申，宋遣歐陽修等來賀即位。 On bingshen day Song sent Ouyang Xiu and others to congratulate the accession.

History of Liao, Chapter 104Volume 104 Biographies 34: Literature 2 · 1 passage

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壽隆二年，復上書曰：「宋歐陽修編《五代史》，附我朝於四夷，妄加貶訾。 In the second year of Shoulong he again memorialized the throne: "The Song scholar Ouyang Xiu compiled the History of the Five Dynasties and placed our dynasty among the four barbarians, recklessly denigrating us.

History of Liao, Chapter 110Volume 110 Biographies 40: Treacherous Ministers 1 · 1 passage

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故遷、固傳佞幸、酷吏，歐陽修則並奸臣錄之，將俾為君者知所鑒，為臣者知所戒。 That is why Sima Qian and Ban Gu devoted biographies to flatterers and harsh officials, and why Ouyang Xiu added treacherous ministers as well—so that rulers would know what to heed and ministers what to fear.

History of Liao, Chapter 112Volume 112 Biographies 42: Rebellious Officials 1 · 1 passage

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歐陽修作《唐書》，創《逆臣傳》，蓋亦《春秋》之意也。 When Ouyang Xiu compiled the 《Book of Tang》, he inaugurated the 《Biographies of Rebellious Ministers》—surely in the same spirit as the 《Spring and Autumn》.

History of Song, Chapter 14Volume 14 Annals 14: Shenzong 1 · 2 passages

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戊辰，以韓琦守司空兼侍中，曾公亮行門下侍郎兼吏部尚書、進封英國公，文彥博行尚書左僕射、檢校司徒兼中書令，富弼改武甯軍節度使、進封鄭國公，曹佾改昭慶軍節度使、檢校太傅，張昪改河陽三城節度使，宗諤同中書門下平章事，改集慶軍節度使、檢校尚書左僕射，歐陽修、趙槩並加尚書左丞，仍參知政事，陳升之爲戶部侍郎，呂公弼爲刑部侍郎，允弼、允良並加守太保，弟東陽郡王顥進封昌王，鄠國公頵進封樂安郡王。 On wuchen the cabinet was reshaped: Han Qi, Zeng Gongliang, Wen Yanbo, Fu Bi, Cao Yi, Zhang Sheng, Zongnu, Ouyang Xiu, Zhao Gai, Chen Shengzhi, Lü Gongbi, and the princes received new ranks and posts.

壬申，歐陽修罷知亳州。 On renshen, Ouyang Xiu left the Bozhou prefecture.

History of Song, Chapter 98Volume 98 Treatises 51: Rites 1 · 1 passage

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至嘉祐中，歐陽修纂集散失，命官設局，主《通禮》而記其變，及《新禮》以類相從，為一百卷，賜名《太常因革禮》，異于舊者蓋十三四焉。 By the Jiayou period, Ouyang Xiu collected and edited scattered ritual materials. An official bureau was established to take the Comprehensive Rites as the foundation, record subsequent changes, and arrange the New Rites by category. The resulting work of one hundred juan was granted the title Rites of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices on Continuity and Reform; roughly thirty to forty percent differed from earlier practice.

History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 1 passage

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學士歐陽修等曰：「古者宗廟之制，皆一帝一後。 Academician Ouyang Xiu and his colleagues argued: "In antiquity, each emperor in the ancestral temple was paired with a single empress.

History of Song, Chapter 484Volume 484 Biographies 243: Three Zhou Officials Han Tong, Li Yun, Li Zhongjin · 1 passage

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《五代史記》有《唐六臣傳》，示譏也。 Ouyang Xiu's Historical Records of the Five Dynasties includes a "Biographies of the Six Tang Ministers" — a work meant as satire.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 20Volume 20 Treatises 10: Rites and Music 10 · 1 passage

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禮樂志第十唐書二十翰林學士兼龍圖閣學士朝散大夫給事中知制誥充史館脩撰臣歐陽脩奉敕撰五曰凶禮。 Treatise on Rites and Music 10 Book of Tang, Volume 20 — compiled by imperial order of Ouyang Xiu, Hanlin Academician and Academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall, Grand Master for Palace Audience, Attendant Gentleman with Authority to Draft Imperial Rescripts, and Compiler at the Historical Archive. Fifth: Inauspicious Rites.

History of Yuan, Chapter 182Volume 182 Biographies 69: Zhang Qiyan, ŌUyang Xuan, Xu Youren, Song Ben, Xie Duan · 2 passages

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識者謂其外和中剛，不受人籠絡，如歐陽修，名聞四裔。 Those who knew him said he was gentle outwardly and firm within, could not be manipulated, and resembled Ouyang Xiu; his reputation reached the four quarters.

歐陽玄，字原功，其先家廬陵，與文忠公修同所自出。 Ouyang Xuan, whose style was Yuangong, came from a Luling family of the same lineage as Ouyang Xiu, the Cultivated and Loyal Lord.