Lu Kun (盧坤) | 24 Histories

Overview

Lu Kun was an official and Governor-General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Houshan	厚山	Hòushān
Posthumous name	Wensu	文肅	Wénsù

Life and dates

Death

AD 1835 十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 123

Attested activity

AD 1826 六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 75
AD 1833 十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 113
AD 1832 十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 102
AD 1832 十二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 83
AD 1835 十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 123
AD 1813 十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 62, 64

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AD 1830 十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 94
AD 1799 嘉慶四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62
AD 1823 to AD 1825 巡撫任內採議
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 361, passage 213
AD 1821 道光元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 65
AD 1832 道光十二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 128

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Biological father of Lu Kun
biological father 本生父
birth parents 本生父母
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 64
Child of Biological mother of Lu Kun
biological mother 本生母
birth parents 本生父母
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 64
Child of Mother of Lu Kun
mother 母 · Uncertain parentage
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 74
Parent of Lu Duandian (端黼)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 124

Key source chapters

Career and standing

grain intendant of Hunan 湖南糧儲道
AD 1813 十八年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 62, 64
Hanlin bachelor 庶吉士
AD 1799 嘉慶四年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62
acting governor of Shaanxi 護理陝西巡撫
AD 1821 道光元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 65
governor of Shandong 山東巡撫
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 91
governor-general of Liangguang 兩廣總督
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 110
principal clerk in the Board of War 兵部主事
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62

Show 14 more source-backed claims

governor-general 總督
AD 1832 十二年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 128
Governor-General 總督
Held · At Hubei 湖北
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 83
Governor 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 361, passage 213
governor of Guangdong 廣東巡撫
AD 1822 二年 · Promoted
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65-66
governor-general of Huguang 湖廣總督
AD 1830 十年 · Promoted
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 94
director 郎中
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62
governor of Shaanxi 陝西巡撫
AD 1822 二年 · Transferred
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65-66
governor of Shanxi 山西巡撫
Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 91
double-eyed peacock feather 雙眼花翎
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 107
first-grade finial 頭品頂戴
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 90
Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子少保
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 89
Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太師
AD 1835 十五年 · Posthumously granted
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 123
Minister of War 兵部尚書
AD 1835 十五年 · Posthumously granted
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 123
first-class light chariot commandant 一等輕車都尉
Granted · Hereditary true
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 107

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Active under
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 128
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 361, passage 213
At Zhuozhou, Shuntian 順天涿州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 61

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1799 嘉慶四年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 62

Works and attributed material

Memorial · Author · Quote true
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 72

Events and relationships

Adopted plans and ordered waterworks survey
Administrative · Governor · With Yan Ruyi (嚴如熤)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 361, passages 213-214
Crushed revolt
AD 1832 十二年 · Military · Commander · With Zhao Jinlong (趙金龍) · Outcome Pacified rebellion and killed Zhao Jinlong
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 128
Suppressed
AD 1832 十二年 · Military · Commander · With Zhao Jinlong (趙金龍)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 65, 102, 107
Suspended trade
Diplomatic · Official · With Napier (律勞卑)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 115, 117
Relation Valued · Person Yan Ruyi (嚴如熤)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 361, passage 213
Relation Retained · Person Wang Fengsheng (王鳳生)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 83

Assessments and attributes

Assessment exceptional achievement in western logistics, Yao pacification, and handling foreign merchants · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 200
Item peacock feather 花翎 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 63

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 361, passage 213

References in the histories

Search passages

History

17 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 361Volume 361 Biographies 148: Liu Qing, Fu Nai, Yan Ruyi Son: Zheng Ji · 1 passage

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巡撫盧坤尤重之，採其議增廳治於盩厔、洋縣界，增營汛於商州及略陽； Governor Lu Kun especially valued him, adopted his plan to add a department seat on the border of Zhouzhi and Yang County, and increased garrison posts at Shangzhou and Lueyang;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 365Volume 365 Biographies 152: Jue Luo Bao Xing, Zong Shijingzheng, Zong Shixien, Chen Guanjun, Zhuo Bingtian · 1 passage

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十二年，湖南江華瑤趙金龍作亂，命禧恩偕盛京將軍瑚松額督師，未至，總督盧坤、提督羅思舉已平之，殲金龍。 In Daoguang 12 (1832), when the Yao leader Zhao Jinlong rose in Jianghua, Xi'en was sent with General Husong'e—but Lu Kun and Luo Siju had already crushed the revolt and killed Jinlong before they arrived.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 379Volume 379 Biographies 166: Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Ceng Sheng, Tao Shu · 14 passages

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趙慎畛盧坤曾勝陶澍 Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Zeng Sheng, and Tao Shu

盧坤，字厚山，順天涿州人。 Lu Kun, whose courtesy name was Houshan, came from Zhuozhou in Shuntian.

坤歷陳漢、蜀、唐、宋史事，及漢李翕郙閣頌，以徵墾治之利； Kun cited one historical precedent after another from the histories of Han, Shu, Tang, and Song, as well as Li Xi's Han inscription on the Efu Pavilion, to demonstrate the benefits of reclamation;

坤至，疏請實行散輪，建鹽倉於漢岸，俾商船源源攬運。 When Kun arrived he memorialized to implement open lots in earnest, built salt warehouses on the Han River shore, and enabled merchant boats to transport salt in a steady stream.

十二年，湖南江華瑤趙金龍作亂，粵瑤應之，湖南提督海凌阿及副將、游擊等皆戰歿，坤親往督師，密陳湖北提督羅思舉能辦賊。 In the twelfth year the Yao leader Zhao Jinlong of Jianghua in Hunan rose in rebellion, and Yao in Guangdong rose in response; the Hunan provincial commander Hailing'a and his vice commanders and brigade officers were all killed in battle. Kun went in person to take command and secretly memorialized that the Hubei provincial commander Luo Siju was the man to defeat the rebels.

時桂陽、常德諸瑤蜂起應賊，常德水師、荊州駐防兵皆不習山戰，坤至，悉罷之，改調鎮筸苗疆兵，分屯要隘，堅壁清野，與賊相持。 At that time Yao in Guiyang, Changde, and other districts rose in support of the rebels; the Changde naval forces and the Jingzhou garrison troops were unskilled in mountain warfare—when Kun arrived he dismissed them all, transferred troops from the Zhen'gan Miao frontier, garrisoned the strategic passes, practiced scorched-earth defense, and held the rebels at bay.

廣東連山黃瓜寨瑤猶猖獗，兩廣總督李鴻賓剿治不力，以罪逮，調坤代之。 The Yao of Huangguazhai in Lianshan, Guangdong, were still rampant; Governor-General Li Hongbin's campaign against them had failed, and he was arrested on criminal charges; Kun was transferred to replace him.

十三年，越南盜陳加海結邊地遊民嘯聚狗頭山，潛入內洋，遣水師擊沉八船，擒加海誅之。 In the thirteenth year the Vietnamese pirate Chen Jiahai joined with border vagabonds and gathered at Goutoushan, secretly entering coastal waters; Kun dispatched the navy, sank eight of their ships, captured Jiahai, and executed him.

英吉利兵船擅入海口，要乞推廣通商，坤依故事停其貿易。 English warships entered the estuary without authorization and demanded expanded trade; Kun, following established precedent, suspended their commerce.

坤設方略扼其歸路，斷其接濟，集水陸師臨以兵威，律勞卑窮蹙，引罪求去。 Kun devised a strategy to block their line of retreat and cut off their supplies, assembled land and naval forces to overawe them, and Napier, cornered, confessed his offense and begged to withdraw.

澳門洋商代請命，坤持之良久，乃驅之出口。 Macao merchants interceded on Napier's behalf; Kun held firm for a long time before finally driving the ships out of port.

坤久任封圻，所皆有名績，宣宗深倚之。 Kun had long held high provincial office with distinguished achievements wherever he served, and the Daoguang Emperor relied on him deeply.

十五年，卒，贈太子太師、兵部尚書，從優恤，諡文肅。 In the fifteenth year he died; he was posthumously appointed Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and Minister of War, granted generous funeral honors, and given the posthumous title Wensu.

盧坤治回疆軍需，平湖南瑤，馭廣東夷商，皆有殊績。 Lu Kun's management of military supplies in the western regions, pacification of the Hunan Yao, and handling of foreign merchants in Guangdong were all marked by exceptional achievement.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 1 passage

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十二年，湖北大潦，總督盧坤疏留鳳生治江、漢堤工，袤亙數百里，半載告竣，秋水至，新堤有潰者，鳳生引咎乞疾歸。 In the twelfth year, after severe flooding in Hubei, Governor Lu Kun kept Fengsheng to repair hundreds of li of Yangtze and Han dikes; the work was declared finished in half a year, but when the autumn floods came some new embankments gave way, and Fengsheng took the blame and retired on grounds of illness.