Jahangir Khoja (張格爾)

Overview

Jahangir Khoja was a rebel.

PeriodQing

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Epithet	the Jahangir rebel	張逆

Life and dates

Death

AD 1828 八年五月
Dismembered in the marketplace · At the capital 京師 · Authority the Emperor (上)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 75
AD 1828 張格爾既誅
Execution
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 189

Attested activity

AD 1826 十月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 40
AD 1826 道光六年六月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 34
AD 1827 七年二月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 51, 57
AD 1828 八年五月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 75
AD 1827 六月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 69-70, 72
AD 1828 初張格爾之就擒也
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 268

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AD 1824 to AD 1825 四年秋、五年夏
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 33
AD 1826 to AD 1828 張格爾之亂
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 306
AD 1826 to AD 1828 張格爾既誅 (Jahangir revolt and execution)
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 189-190
AD 1820 to AD 1828 張格爾逆裔
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 118
AD 1822 to AD 1826 至是
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 31-32
AD 1827 道光七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 366, passages 126, 133
AD 1826 to AD 1828 道光中回疆張格爾亂
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 377, passage 49
AD 1822 道光二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 362, passages 217-218
AD 1826 道光六至八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 75, 90

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Descendant of Burhan al-Din (博羅尼都)
grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Parent of Jahangir Khoja
grandfather 祖 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Parent of Jahangir Khoja
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 30
Sibling of Yusupu (玉素普)
elder brother 兄
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 80
Child of Parent of Jahangir Khoja
grandchild 孫 · paternal line
paternal line
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 30
Kin of Nephew-by-marriage of Jahangir Khoja (張格爾之甥)
nephew-by-marriage 甥
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 57
Kin of Nephew of Jahangir Khoja (張格爾之侄)
nephew 侄
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 57

Kinship Role brother's sons · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 64
Kinship Role wife and children · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 190

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Entered
Captivity
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 90
Fled
AD 1827 時三月朔日也 · Fugitive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 57
dismemberment in the marketplace 磔於市
AD 1828 八年五月 · Executed · Authority the Emperor (上)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 75

Places and affiliations

Polity Khoja rebels of the Muslim frontier 回疆和卓叛亂 · Relation Led
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 268, 306
Polity Kokand 浩罕 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 57, 69
Polity Kokand 浩罕 · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 185, 189-190

Events and relationships

Captured cities
AD 1826 道光六年六月 · Military · Commander · At Kashgar, Yengisar, Yarkand, and Khotan 喀什噶爾、英吉沙爾、葉爾羌、和闐
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 34
Captured
AD 1828 初張格爾之就擒也 · Military · Captive · With Yisak (伊薩克)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 268
Fled before fall of Kashgar
AD 1827 時三月朔日也 · Military · Fugitive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 57
Held
AD 1826 十月 · Military · Commander · At Korping 柯爾坪 · Quantity 3000
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 40
Invaded frontier
AD 1824 to AD 1825 四年秋、五年夏 · Military · Invader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 33
Lived off tribes
AD 1827 七年二月 · Military · Fugitive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 69

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Massed at Yandama River
AD 1827 七年二月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 54
New Year Eve strike plan
AD 1827 七年二月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 70
Presented at Meridian Gate
AD 1828 八年五月 · Legal · Captive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 75
Rallied raiders
AD 1822 道光二年 · Military · Rebel leader · At the frontier 邊
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 31
Rebelled in Western Regions then captured
AD 1821 to AD 1850 道光中 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 377, passages 49, 64, 67
Rebelled
AD 1826 to AD 1828 張格爾之亂 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 306
Referenced as rebel ancestor
Military · Rebel
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 382, passage 118
Seized on mountain
AD 1827 七年二月 · Military · Captive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 72
Stand at Shabudur
AD 1827 七年二月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 51

Assessments and attributes

Assessment 1830 invasion unlike Jahangir's, raiding without territorial ambition · Mode quotation Speaker Changling (長齡)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 83
AD 1828 八年五月
Item prisoner cage 檻 · Relation Confined in
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passage 75

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 367, passages 51, 189, 268

References in the histories

Search passages

History

23 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 362Volume 362 Biographies 149: Fang Ji, Zhu Erhan, Yang Hu, Liao Yin, Chen Changqi, Zhu Ergenge, Cha Chonghua · 1 passage

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值大軍徵張格爾，調駐嘉峪關治軍需。 When the empire launched its campaign against Jahangir Khoja, he was stationed at Jiayuguan to manage military supplies.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 366Volume 366 Biographies 153: Sun Yuting, Jiang Youxian, Li Hongbin · 1 passage

Open chapter

以張格爾就擒，追論贊畫功，晉太子太傅。 Because Jahangir was captured, his planning merit was recognized and he was promoted to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 367Volume 367 Biographies 154: Changling; Na Yancheng and His Sons Rong'an and Rongzhao; Yulin; Teyishunbao · 16 passages

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張格爾者，回酋大和卓木博羅尼都之孫也。 Jahangir Khoja was the grandson of Burhan al-Din, the Great Khoja Muslim chieftain.

博羅尼都當乾隆中以叛誅，至是張格爾因眾怨糾安集延、布魯特寇邊。 Burhan al-Din had been executed for rebellion in the Qianlong reign; now Jahangir Khoja, exploiting popular resentment, rallied Kokand and Kyrgyz forces to raid the frontier.

六年六月，張格爾大舉入卡，陷喀什噶爾、英吉沙爾、葉爾羌、和闐四城，命陝甘總督楊遇春駐哈密，督兵進剿。 In the sixth month of the sixth year (1826), Jahangir Khoja launched a major invasion through the passes and captured Kashgar, Yengisar, Yarkand, and Khotan. Shaanxi-Gansu Governor-General Yang Yuchun was ordered to station at Hami and direct the punitive campaign.

時提督達凌阿等已敗賊渾巴什河，張格爾以眾三千踞柯爾坪，令提督楊芳襲破之。 By then Provincial Commander Dalin'a and others had already defeated the rebels at the Hunbash River. Jahangir Khoja held Korping with three thousand men, and Provincial Commander Yang Fang was ordered to attack and rout them.

越三日，張格爾拒戰於沙布都爾，多樹葦，決水成沮洳，賊數万臨渠橫列。 Three days later Jahangir Khoja made a stand at Shabudur, planting reeds and breaching dikes to flood the ground; tens of thousands of rebels lined the canal in battle formation.

張格爾已先遁，獲其侄與甥，及安集延酋推立汗、薩木汗。 Jahangir Khoja had already fled; his nephew and nephew-by-marriage were captured, along with the Kokand chiefs Tuoli Khan and Samu Khan.

至是，長齡疏言：「愚回崇信和卓，猶西番崇信達賴，即使張逆就擒，尚有兄弟之子在浩罕，終留後患。 At this point Chang Ling memorialized: "Muslims revere the Khojas as Tibetans revere the Dalai Lama; even if the Jahangir rebel were captured, his brother's sons remain in Kokand and would leave a lasting threat.

張格爾傳食諸部落，日窮蹙。 Jahangir Khoja lived off the tribes and grew daily more desperate.

張格爾僅餘三十人，棄騎登山，副將胡超、都司段永福等擒之。 Jahangir Khoja had only thirty men left; he abandoned his horse and climbed the mountain, where Brigade Deputy Hu Chao, Company Commander Duan Yongfu, and others seized him.

五月，檻送張格爾於京師，上御午門受俘，磔於市。 In the fifth month Jahangir Khoja was sent to the capital in a cage; the emperor received the captive at the Meridian Gate and had him dismembered in the marketplace.

十年秋，浩罕以內地安集延被驅逐，貲產皆鈔沒，積怨憤，遂挾張格爾之兄玉素普及其黨博巴克等復入邊，圍喀什噶爾、英吉沙爾二城，且犯葉爾羌。 In the autumn of the tenth year (1830), Kokand, resenting the expulsion of its subjects from the interior and the confiscation of their property, rallied Jahangir Khoja's brother Yusupu and partisans such as Bobake to raid the frontier again, besieging Kashgar and Yengisar and attacking Yarkand.