Hewang (和瑛) | 24 Histories

Overview

Hewang was a Governor of Shandong.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	He Ning	和寧	Hening
Courtesy name	Taian	太葊	Tai'an
Posthumous name	Jianqin	簡勤	Jianqin

Life and dates

Death

Date Source Date: Text: 道光元年 · Western Year: AD 1821
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 105

Attested activity

AD 1805 嘉慶十年乙丑
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 129, 131
AD 1806 嘉慶十一年丙寅
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 140, 142
AD 1800 嘉慶五年庚申
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 76, 79
AD 1801 嘉慶六年辛酉
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 87, 90
AD 1804 嘉慶九年甲子
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 119, 121-122
AD 1802 七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 102

Show 14 more source-backed claims

AD 1771 乾隆三十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 76
AD 1787 乾隆五十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 78
AD 1793 乾隆五十八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 79
AD 1802 嘉慶七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 83
AD 1804 嘉慶九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 86
AD 1816 嘉慶二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 100
AD 1818 嘉慶二十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 103
AD 1817 嘉慶二十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 102
AD 1800 嘉慶五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 82
AD 1806 嘉慶十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 90
AD 1808 嘉慶十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 92
AD 1811 嘉慶十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 95
AD 1809 嘉慶十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 93
AD 1821 道光元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 105

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Bichang (璧昌)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 108

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Mongol 蒙古
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 75

Career and standing

commissioner in Tibet 西藏辦事大臣
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十八年 · Western Year: AD 1793
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 79
minister of works 工部尚書
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 100
Grand Councilor 軍機大臣
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十三年 · Western Year: AD 1818
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 103
governor of Shandong 山東巡撫
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶五年 · Western Year: AD 1800
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 82
general of Mukden 盛京將軍
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十六年 · Western Year: AD 1811
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 96
governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu 陝甘總督
Appointed · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十四年 · Western Year: AD 1809
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 93

Show 11 more source-backed claims

Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院右侍郎
AD 1800 嘉慶五年庚申 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 79
Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院左侍郎
AD 1804 嘉慶九年甲子 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 121
Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院右侍郎
AD 1804 嘉慶九年甲子 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 122
Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院侍郎
AD 1805 嘉慶十年乙丑 · Held
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 131
Governor of Shandong 巡撫
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 102
Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院侍郎
AD 1806 嘉慶十一年丙寅 · Transferred
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 142
Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs 理藩院侍郎
AD 1801 嘉慶六年辛酉 · Transferred
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 90
Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子少保
Granted · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1817
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 102
Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保
Posthumous · Date Source Date: Text: 道光元年 · Western Year: AD 1821
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 105
Exiled
Exile · At Urumqi 烏魯木齊 · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 84
Dismissed
Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 102

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 187, passages 79, 90, 121
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 352, passage 102
At Tibet 西藏 · Relation Posted to · Date Source Date: Text: 在藏八年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1793 · End: AD 1800
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passages 79, 81
Organization Bordered Yellow Banner 鑲黃旗 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 75

Learning and skills

Earned
Credential Presented Scholar 進士 · Date Source Date: Text: 乾隆三十六年 · Western Year: AD 1771
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 76

Works and attributed material

Rhapsody on Tibet 西藏賦
Relation Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 81
Memorial · Author · Topic Kashgar and Yengisar grain and Ili cloth transport 喀什噶爾英吉沙爾倉儲及伊犁布疋
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 87

Events and relationships

Exposed concealment
Legal · Investigator · With Xian Fu (先福) · At Gansu 甘肅 · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 101
False judgment
Legal · Judge · With Zhang Jingli (張敬禮) · Date Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 83
Transferred
AD 1806 嘉慶十一年丙寅 · Personnel · Subject
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 142
Transferred
AD 1801 嘉慶六年辛酉 · Personnel · Subject
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 187, passage 90

Assessments and attributes

Assessment steeped in precedent and excelled in letters; long frontier service with benevolent rule · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passages 106-107

Source notes

From He Ning 和寧 · To He Ying 和瑛 · Reason to avoid the taboo of Emperor Xuanzong 避宣宗諱
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 353, passage 75

References in the histories

Search passages

History

18 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 187Volume 187 Tables 27: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 5 Lower · 6 passages

Open chapter

貢楚克扎布六月癸巳遷。和寧理藩院右侍郎。 On the guisi day of the sixth month, 貢楚克扎布 was transferred. 和寧: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

和寧正月乙巳遷。佛爾卿額理藩院右侍郎。 On the yisi day of the first month, 和寧 was transferred. 佛爾卿額: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

貢楚克扎布七月庚戌遷。明興理藩院左侍郎。九月遷。和寧理藩院左侍郎。 On the gengxu day of the seventh month, 貢楚克扎布 was transferred. 明興: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In the ninth month, was transferred. 和寧: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

明興七月庚戌遷。和寧理藩院右侍郎。九月遷。 On the gengxu day of the seventh month, 明興 was transferred. 和寧: Right Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In the ninth month, was transferred.

和寧和寧.

和寧正月丁巳遷。英和理藩院左侍郎。壬戌遷。玉寧理藩院左侍郎。 On the dingsi day of the first month, 和寧 was transferred. 英和: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. On the renxu day, was transferred. 玉寧: Left Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 352Volume 352 Biographies 139: Jiang Cheng, Jin Guangti, Zu Zhiwang, Han Feng · 1 passage

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七年，命赴山東按皁役之孫冒考，巡撫和瑛誣斷事，和瑛譴罷，即授之望巡撫。 In 1802 he was sent to Shandong to investigate a runner's grandson who had taken the exams fraudulently. Governor Hewang had misjudged the case, was dismissed, and Zhiwang was appointed governor in his place.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 353Volume 353 Biographies 140: Da Chun | Son: Sa Bin Tu, Tie Bao Younger Brother: Yu Bao, He Ying, Jue Luo Gui Fang · 11 passages

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達椿子薩彬圖鐵保弟玉保和瑛覺羅桂芳 Da Chun; his son Sa Bintu; Tie Bao; Tie Bao's younger brother Yu Bao; He Ying; and Jueluo Guifang

和瑛，原名和寧，避宣宗諱改，字太葊，額勒德特氏，蒙古鑲黃旗人。 He Ying, originally He Ning, changed his name to avoid the taboo of Emperor Xuanzong. His courtesy name was Taian; he came from the Erlet clan and was a Mongol of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

和瑛在藏八年，著西藏賦，博採地形、民俗、物產，自為之注。 He Ying spent eight years in Tibet and wrote the Rhapsody on Tibet, drawing widely on topography, customs, and local products, which he annotated himself.

七年，金鄉皁役之孫張敬禮冒考被控，知縣汪廷楷置不問，學政劉鳳誥以聞，下和瑛提鞫，誤聽濟南知府德生言誣斷，為給事中汪鏞所糾。 In 1802 Zhang Jingli, grandson of a district runner at Jinxian, was accused of impersonating a candidate in the examinations. Magistrate Wang Tingkai ignored the charge until Education Commissioner Liu Fenggao reported it. The case was referred to He Ying, who wrongly credited Jinan Prefect Desheng and rendered a false judgment, and Censor Wang Yong impeached him.

上以和瑛日事文墨，廢弛政務，即解職，命鏞從侍郎祖之望往按，得實，褫和瑛職，又以匿蝗災事覺，譴戍烏魯木齊。 The emperor judged that He Ying spent his days on literary pursuits and neglected government, removed him at once, and sent Wang Yong with Vice Minister Zu Zhiwang to investigate. The facts were proved, He Ying was stripped of office, and when a concealed locust disaster also came to light he was sent into exile at Urumqi.

十三年，塔爾巴哈台參贊大臣愛星阿欲調瑪納斯戍兵四百人番上屯田，和瑛謂瑪納斯處極邊，戍兵專事操防，不諳耕作，諮駁以聞，上韙之。 In 1808 Assistant Commissioner Aisingga of Tarbagatai proposed rotating four hundred Manas garrison troops into field labor. He Ying argued that Manas lay on the outermost frontier, that garrison troops were trained for defense rather than farming, and memorialized a rebuttal, which the emperor upheld.

復州、寧海、岫岩飢，將軍觀明以匿災罷免，授和瑛為將軍，廉得邊門章京塔清阿等承觀明意，諱災不報，降革有差。 Famine struck Fuzhou, Ninghai, and Xiuyan. General Guan Ming was dismissed for concealing the disaster, and He Ying was appointed in his place. He found that frontier secretary Ta Qing'a and others, following Guan Ming's lead, had hidden the famine from report; they were demoted or dismissed according to their guilt.

尋以誤捕屯民張建謨為盜，鍛鍊成獄，刑部覆訊雪其冤，議革和瑛職，詔寬之，留任。 Soon afterward he wrongly arrested colonist Zhang Jianmo as a bandit and fabricated a case against him. The Ministry of Punishments on review cleared Zhang's name. Although dismissal was proposed, the emperor showed leniency and kept He Ying in office.

道光元年，卒，贈太子太保，諡簡勤。 He died in 1821 and was posthumously made Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous name Jianqin.

和瑛嫺習掌故，優於文學，著書多不傳。 He Ying was steeped in institutional precedent and excelled in letters, though many of his books have not survived.

鐵保、和瑛並器識淵雅，述作斐然。 Tie Bao and He Ying alike possessed deep and elegant judgment, and their writings were splendid.