Qing · Official and Diplomat

Gui Liang 桂良

Attested AD 1856 - AD 1860

Passages: 11
Chapters: 6
Histories: 1

Overview

Gui Liang was an official and Diplomat.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1858 to AD 1860 偕大學士桂良等議稅則
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 397, passage 197
AD 1858 八年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204; Draft History of Qing 378, passages 161, 164; Draft History of Qing 387, passages 9-10
AD 1860 十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 26
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 394, passage 173
AD 1856 咸豐六年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 378, passages 211-212
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 111, passages 95-96

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Grand Secretary 大學士
AD 1858 to AD 1860 偕大學士桂良等議稅則 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 397, passage 197
Grand Secretary 大學士
AD 1858 八年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204
Grand Secretary 大學士
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 96
Entered
Demoted but retained
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 96
rank inscription removed while retained 鐫級留任
Suffered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 96

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 111, passage 96; Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204; Draft History of Qing 378, passage 2; Draft History of Qing 387, passage 10; Draft History of Qing 397, passage 197

Events and relationships

Debated tax schedules
AD 1858 to AD 1860 偕大學士桂良等議稅則 · Diplomatic · Negotiator · With He Guiqing (何桂清)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 397, passage 197
Memorialized to dissolve militia bureau
Diplomatic · Negotiator
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 378, passage 164
Sent to investigate treaty revision
AD 1858 八年 · Diplomatic · Investigator envoy · At Tianjin 天津 · With Huashana (花沙納)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204
Relation Colleague envoy with · Person Huashana (花沙納)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 370, passage 204; Draft History of Qing 397, passage 197

References in the histories

Search passages

History

11 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 111Volume 111 Treatises 86: Selection and Examinations 6, Kao Ji · 1 passage

僅予大學士桂良等鐫級留任，出考堂官罰俸而已。 Only Grand Secretary Gui Liang and others lost a rank increment while retaining office; inspecting chiefs received only salary fines.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 370Volume 370 Biographies 157: Qi Shan, Yi Libu, Zong Shiqiying · 1 passage

八年，英人糾合法、美、俄諸國兵船犯天津，爭改條約，命大學士桂良、尚書花沙納扆往查辦。 In 1858 Britain joined France, the United States, and Russia in sending warships against Tianjin to demand treaty revisions. Grand Secretary Guiliang and Minister Huashana were sent to investigate.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 378Volume 378 Biographies 165: Huang Juezi, Jin Yinglin, Chen Qingyong, Su Tingkui, Zhu Qi · 2 passages

議和大臣桂良慮撓成議，奏請撤局。 Peace negotiator Guiliang feared this would disrupt the treaty and memorialized to dissolve the bureau.

居兩歲，從欽差大臣桂良至江蘇，無所遇，王有齡獨重之，有齡撫浙，闢贊軍事。 After two years he followed Imperial Commissioner Guiliang to Jiangsu without success until Wang Youling alone valued him; when Wang became governor of Zhejiang, he recruited Qi to assist in military affairs.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 4 passages

會英法聯軍犯天津，起前大學士耆英隨欽差大臣桂良、花沙納往議約。 As the Anglo-French allied armies threatened Tianjin, the former grand secretary Qiying was sent with the imperial commissioners Guiliang and Huashana to negotiate terms.

自八年桂良等在天津與各國議和，廷議於「遣使入京」一條堅不欲行，迄未換約。 Since Guiliang and others had negotiated with the foreign powers at Tianjin in 1858, the court had stubbornly refused the clause on "envoys entering the capital," and no treaty exchange followed.

十年，英法聯軍又來犯，僧格林沁拒戰屢失利，復遣桂良等議和。 In 1860 the allied armies returned; Sengge Rinchen fought them repeatedly but lost again and again, and Guiliang and others were once more dispatched to negotiate.

十年，命偕怡親王載垣赴通州，與英法聯軍議和，解桂良等欽差大臣關防授之。 In 1860 he was ordered with Prince Yi Zaiyuan to Tongzhou to negotiate with the allied armies; the seals of Guiliang and the other imperial commissioners were transferred to them.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 2 passages

泊大學士桂良等至上海議稅則及換約事宜，將與商交還廣州，向宗漢詢近狀，輒不答。 When Grand Secretary Guiliang reached Shanghai to negotiate tariffs and treaty revision and to discuss the return of Canton, he asked Zonghan for reports on the situation, but Zonghan would not reply.

桂良等疏聞，詔責宗漢捕偽造諭旨之人，罷其通商大臣，改授何桂清。 Guiliang reported to the throne; an edict ordered Zonghan to arrest those who forged imperial edicts, stripped him of the trade superintendency, and gave the post to He Guiqing.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 397Volume 397 Biographies 184: Lu Jianying, Yang Wending, Qing Lin, Chong Lun, He Guiqing · 1 passage

偕大學士桂良等議稅則，多中肯綮，亦不能盡用其言。 With Grand Secretary Gui Liang and others he debated tax schedules; many of his points were sound, yet not all his advice was followed.