Gangyi (剛毅) | 24 Histories

Overview

Gangyi was an official and Grand Councilor.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Ziliang	子良	Ziliang

Life and dates

Death

AD 1900 西狩
died of illness 道遘疾…死 · At Houma 侯馬鎮
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 53

Attested activity

AD 1900 二十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 466, passages 13, 116
AD 1899 二十五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 151, passages 137, 139
AD 1899 二十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 42
AD 1900 二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 44
AD 1898 二十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 160; Draft History of Qing 471, passages 28, 33
AD 1898 二十四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 41

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AD 1894 二十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 40
AD 1898 光緒二十四年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 452, passages 188-189
AD 1885 光緒十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 34
AD 1900 居三年後剛毅入樞廷
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 32
AD 1886 明年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 37

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Manchu 滿洲
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 29

Career and standing

Grand Councilor 軍機大臣
AD 1894 二十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 40
Vice Minister of Rites 禮部侍郎
AD 1894 二十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 40
intendant of Huizhou, Chaozhou, and Jiazhou 廣東惠潮嘉道
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 32
Assistant Grand Secretary 協辦大學士
AD 1898 二十四年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 41
Minister of Works 工部尚書
AD 1898 二十四年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 41
Associate Grand Secretary 協辦大學士
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 151, passage 139

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clerk 筆帖式
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 30
Grand Secretary 大學士
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 188
Governor of Shanxi 山西巡撫
AD 1885 光緒十一年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 34
Director in Ministry of Justice 刑部郎中
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 30
Guangdong provincial treasurer 廣東布政使
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 33
Jiangxi surveillance commissioner 江西按察使
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 32
Governor of Jiangsu 江蘇巡撫
AD 1886 明年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 37
Governor of Guangdong 廣東巡撫
Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 39
Yunnan provincial treasurer 雲南布政使
Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 33
Zhili surveillance commissioner 直隸按察使
Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 32
offices posthumously revoked 追奪原官
Posthumous deprivation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 54

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 160; Draft History of Qing 466, passage 116
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 151, passage 139; Draft History of Qing 452, passage 188; Draft History of Qing 465, passage 29
At Bordered Blue Banner of the Manchus 滿洲鑲藍旗
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 29

Works and attributed material

What Magistrates Must Know 牧令須知
Relation Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 35
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 151, passage 140
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 163

Events and relationships

Dredged rivers for relief
Administration · Governor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 38
Escorted court west
AD 1900 兩宮西狩 · Travel · Escort
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passages 51-52
Exonerated Ge Bishi
Legal · Judge · With Ge Bishi (葛畢氏)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 31
Inspected Jiangnan and privately interviewed Guangdian
AD 1898 光緒二十四年 · Administrative · Inspector · With Kuai Guangdian (蒯光典) · At Jiangnan 江南
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 188
Investigated telegraph bureau
Political · Investigator
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 151, passages 139-140
Ordered to command Boxers
AD 1900 二十六年 · Military · Commander · With Zai Xun (載勳)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 48

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Ordered to review
Legal · Investigator
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 471, passage 33
Proposed abolishing the higher school
AD 1898 光緒二十四年 · Political · Proponent
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 189
Supervised beheading
Legal · Supervisor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 464, passage 160
Supported Boxers
AD 1900 二十六年 · Political · Supporter · With Zaiyi (載漪)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 466, passages 13, 116
Toured Jiangnan and Guangdong
AD 1899 二十五年 · Inspection · Inspector
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 465, passage 42
Relation Inspector of affairs involving · Person Kuai Guangdian (蒯光典)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 188

Assessments and attributes

Assessment took great offense at Guangdian's blunt talk · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 452, passage 189

References in the histories

Search passages

History

18 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 151Volume 151 Treatises 126: Transportation 3, Dian Bao · 2 passages

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俱下協辦大學士剛毅查復。 All were referred to Associate Grand Secretary Gangyi for investigation.

剛毅時以事銜命赴蘇，尋疏陳：「電局自恰線成後，所虧至鉅，俟有贏餘，歲輸南北洋學款十二萬四千兩。」 Gangyi was then on assignment in Suzhou. He soon reported: "Since the Kyakhta line was completed, the telegraph bureau's losses have been enormous. When surpluses arise, it remits 124,000 taels annually for Northern and Southern Seas educational funds."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 452Volume 452 Biographies 239: Hong Rukui, Yang Zonglian, Shi Pu, Shi Kekuan, Shen Baojing, Zhu Qiang Younger Brother: Qi Zhao, Zong Yuanhan, Xu Qingzhang, Xu Zhen, Kuai Guangdian, Chen Yusheng, Pan Minbiao, Yan Zuolin, Tang Xijin, Lou Chunfan · 2 passages

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大學士剛毅按事江南，司道百餘人同詣謁，獨延光典密室縱談國事，語切直。 When Grand Secretary Gangyi inspected Jiangnan, more than a hundred officials paid their respects together; he alone took Guangdian into a private room for a frank discussion of national affairs.

剛毅大憾，即議裁高等學堂。 Gangyi took great offense and immediately proposed abolishing the higher school.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren · 2 passages

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臨刑，協辦大學士剛毅監斬，光第詫曰：「未訊而誅，何哉？」 At the execution, Associate Grand Secretary Gangyi supervised the beheading, and Guangdi cried out in astonishment, "To execute a man without trial--why?"

剛毅默不應，再詢之，曰：「吾奉命監刑耳，他何知？」 Gangyi was silent and did not answer. When questioned again, he replied, "I am only here under orders to supervise the execution; what else would I know?"

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 465Volume 465 Biographies 252: Xu Tong With: Yu Shi, Yu Shi Son: Cheng Yu, Gang Yi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qi Xiu, Ying Nian, Yu Lu With: Ting Yong, Yu Xian With: Li Tingxiao · 9 passages

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徐桐剛毅趙舒翹啟秀英年裕祿毓賢。 Xu Tong; Gang Yi; Zhao Shuqiao; Qi Xiu; Ying Nian; Yu Lu; Yu Xian.

剛毅，字子良，滿洲鑲藍旗人。 Gang Yi, whose style was Ziliang, came from the Bordered Blue Banner of the Manchus.

二十六年，拳亂作，命趙舒翹及剛毅馳往近畿一帶查辦解散，及還京覆命，而宣戰詔已先下矣。 In 1900, when the Boxer uprising erupted, Zhao Shuqiao and Gang Yi were dispatched to the capital outskirts to investigate and disperse the movement; by the time they returned to report, the declaration of war had already been issued.

太后愈信之，因命剛毅、載勳統之，比於官軍。 The Empress Dowager believed them still more and put Gang Yi and Zai Xun in command, treating the Boxers as the equal of regular troops.

詔各軍營會拏正法，盡拆所設神壇，並諭責剛毅、董福祥親自開導，勒令解散，卒不能阻。 Edicts ordered every garrison to arrest and execute offenders, tear down their altars, and commanded Gang Yi and Dong Fuxiang personally to disband the movement—yet nothing could stop it.

各國聯軍入犯，兩宮西狩，剛毅扈行至太原。 When the allied armies invaded, the court fled west; Gang Yi escorted the empresses as far as Taiyuan.

匪眾堅請褫提督聶士成職，剛毅踵至，許之。 the rebels demanded Grand Commissioner Nie Shicheng be removed; Gang Yi arrived after him and agreed.

拳匪亂作，以英年、載瀾副載勳、剛毅統之。 When the Boxer rising erupted, Ying Nian and Zai Lan were appointed deputies to Zai Xun and Gang Yi in commanding the movement.

至則謁端王載漪、莊王載勛、大學士剛毅，盛言拳民忠勇得神助。 In Beijing he visited Prince Duan, Prince Zhuang, and Grand Secretary Gang Yi, praising the militia's loyalty, courage, and supernatural aid.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 466Volume 466 Biographies 253: Xu Yongyi, Xu Jingcheng, Yuan Chang, Li Shan, Lian Yuan · 1 passage

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拳民仇西教，載漪、剛毅助之，勢益橫，日夜圍攻使館，不能下。 Boxers hated Christianity; backed by Zaiyi and Gang Yi they grew bolder, besieging the legations day and night without success.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage

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於是秉衡隱安陽，居三年，剛毅入樞廷，薦之起，入都。 Bingheng then withdrew to live quietly at Anyang. Three years later, when Gangyi joined the Grand Council and recommended him, he was summoned back to the capital.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 471Volume 471 Biographies 258: Sheng Xuanhuai, Rui Cheng · 1 passage

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已而徐桐劾兩局有中飽，適剛毅按事南下，銜命察覆。 Soon Xu Tong accused both bureaus of skimming funds; Gangyi was then investigating in the south and was ordered to review the case.