Emperor Xizong (僖宗)

Overview

Emperor Xizong was an emperor of Tang.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 883 to AD 886 中和三年至光啟二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 52-53
AD 881 中和元年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 32
AD 881 to AD 888 中和至文德
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passages 92, 143
AD 873 to AD 888 僖宗
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 113, passage 249
AD 870 僖宗
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 185, passage 83
AD 873 to AD 888 僖宗時
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 185, passage 83; New Book of Tang 184, passage 183

Show 7 more source-backed claims

AD 873 to AD 888 僖宗朝
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passages 3, 5
AD 870 咸通十一年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 81
AD 873 to AD 888 唐僖宗時
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 26; New History of the Five Dynasties 38, passage 6
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 78
AD 880 廣明初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 20, passage 13
AD 878 武皇之起雲中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 6
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢犯闕
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 11

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Emperor of Tang 唐僖宗
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 113, passage 249
Succeeded to throne
AD 873 to AD 888 僖宗立
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 183

Places and affiliations

Tang 唐
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 3
Tang 唐
Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 81
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 113, passage 249
Polity Name Tang · Relation Served or associated
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 20, passage 13
At Shu 蜀 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 92

Events and relationships

Appointed Wang Hui
Political · Appointer · With Wang Hui (王徽)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 32
Fled to Shu
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中 · Flight · Ruler · At Shu 蜀
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 78
Fled to
Travel · Fugitive · At Shu 蜀
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 11
Returned to capital
Return · Ruler
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 80

References in the histories

Search passages

History

21 passages

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 185Volume 181 Biographies 131: Shi Xiancheng, Zi Xiaozhang, He Jintao, Han Yunzhong, Li Yanzhen, Luo Hongxin · 4 passages

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時僖宗為普王，即降詔遙領節度，授允忠左散騎常侍、兼御史中丞，充節度觀察留後。 Emperor Xizong was then Prince of Pu; he immediately issued an edict appointing Yunzhong Left Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary and concurrent Censor-in-Chief as acting military governor and observation commissioner.

時僖宗在蜀，寇盜蜂起，簡據有六州，甲兵強盛，竊懷僭亂之志，且欲啟其封疆，乃舉兵攻河陽，爽棄城而走。 The emperor was then in Shu while rebels swarmed the land. Jian held six prefectures and a powerful army; nursing secret ambitions of rebellion and eager to enlarge his domain, he marched on Heyang, and Shuang abandoned the city and fled.

僖宗自蜀回，加開府儀同三司，冊拜司徒。 When Emperor Xizong returned from Shu, Yanzhen was made Grand General with Honorary Staff of Three Offices and ceremonially appointed Minister of Education.

僖宗聞之，文德元年四月，詔加工部尚書，權知節度留後。 When Emperor Xizong learned of this, in the fourth month of Wende 1 he was made Minister of Works and acting military governor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 3 passages

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唐僖宗朝，為蔡州軍校，領本郡兵戍荊南，帥以其凶暴，欲害之，遂棄本軍奔於秭歸。 Under Xizong he was a Caizhou officer garrisoning Jingnan until his commander, fearing his violence, tried to kill him; he fled to Zigui with his troops.

〈（《新唐書》：光啟二年，洪乘虛入鄂，自為節度使留後，僖宗即拜本軍節度使。 (The 《New Book of Tang》 says that in Guangqi 2 Hong seized Ezhou, made himself acting commissioner, and Xizong confirmed him.)

中和三年，傳逐江西觀察使高茂卿，遂有洪州，僖宗擢傳江西團練使，俄拜鎮南節度使。）〉 (In Zhonghe 3 Chuan expelled Gao Maoqing from Jiangxi, took Hongzhou, and was made training commissioner, then Zhennan military commissioner.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 2 passages

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唐僖宗大悅，召入顧問，錫賚甚厚，以功授朝散大夫、太子率更令，賜紫，為陵州刺史。 Xizong rejoiced, called him in for counsel, heaped gifts upon him, and for his service made him Grand Master of the Palace and Director of the Crown Prince's water clocks, clothed him in purple, and gave him Lingzhou.

唐僖宗避敵在蜀，駢鎮淮南為都統，兼諸道鹽鐵使，兵賦在己，朝廷優假之，以故劭幸而早官，年十四遙領華州刺史。 While Xizong sheltered in Shu, Pian ruled Huainan as supreme commander and salt-and-iron commissioner with troops and taxes in his fist; the court indulged him, and Shao at fourteen was given distant command as prefect of Hua.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 4 passages

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父縠，仕懿、僖朝，官至右諫議大夫。 His father Gu had served under Emperors Yizong and Xizong and reached the post of Right Remonstrance Grand Master.

僖宗朝，晉公王鐸提兵柄，鎮滑台，縠居賓席，鐸見珽，大賞歎之。 During Xizong's reign Duke of Jin Wang Duo held the armies at Huatai; Gu was among his retainers; when Duo met Ting he admired him greatly.

唐廣明中，黃巢犯京師，天子幸蜀，士皆竄伏窟穴，以保其生。 In Guangming Huang Chao took the capital; the emperor fled to Shu; scholars hid wherever they could to survive.

及僖宗還京師，由校書郎、西畿尉登朝為御史、補闕、起居郎、司勳員外、萬年縣令，以事黜官峽中，將十年。 When Xizong returned he rose from collating clerk and western capital district magistrate to censor, supplementation official, attendance director, acting director in the Bureau of Merit, and magistrate of Wan'ian; an offense sent him into exile in the gorges for nearly ten years.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Book of Later Tang 26: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 2 passages

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武皇之起雲中，殺段文楚，朝議罪之，命加兵於我，懼，將逃歸，天子詔巡使王處存夜圍親仁坊捕克讓。 When Li Keyong rose in Yunzhong and killed Duan Wenchu, the court condemned him and ordered troops sent against the clan. Fearing arrest, he prepared to flee north, and the emperor ordered the commissioner Wang Chucun to surround Qinren Ward by night and capture Ke Rang.

黃巢犯闕，僖宗幸蜀，克讓時守潼關，為賊所敗，以部下六七騎伏於南山佛寺，夜為山僧所害。 When Huang Chao stormed the capital and Emperor Xizong fled to Shu, Ke Rang was holding Tong Pass. Routed by the rebels, he took refuge with only six or seven riders in a temple on South Mountain, where mountain monks killed him that night.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 2 passages

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僖宗自用舊宰相王徽領節度。 Emperor Xizong personally appointed the former chief minister Wang Hui as military governor.

時天子在西，河、關雲擾，方立擅地，而李克用窺潞州，徽度朝廷未能製，乃固讓昌圖。 The emperor was then in the west, the Yellow River region in chaos, Fangli holding his own ground, and Li Keyong eyeing Luzhou. Wang Hui concluded the court could not enforce its will and firmly declined in favor of Changtu.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71 Book of Later Tang 47: Biographies 23: Ma Yu, Si Kongting, Cao Tingyin, Xiao Xifu, Yao Zongzhi, Jia Fu, Ma Gao, Luo Guan, Chun Yuyan, Zhang Ge, Xu Ji, Zhou Xuanbao · 1 passage

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唐僖宗時，舉進士不中，屬天子播遷，三輔大亂，乃還鄉里。 Under Emperor Xizong he failed the jinshi examinations; when the court fled the capital and the central plain collapsed into chaos, he went home.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 38: Tang, Zhang, Xu · 1 passage

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子彥若，事僖宗為中書舍人。 His son Yanruo served Emperor Xizong as secretariat drafting officer.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 184Volume 184 Biographies 109: Ma, Yang, Lu, Lu · 1 passage

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僖宗立，進司徒。 When Emperor Xizong took the throne, he was advanced to Minister of Works.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 38Volume 38 Biographies 18: Zhang Chengye, Zhang Juhan · 1 passage

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張承業，字繼元，唐僖宗時宦者也。 Zhang Chengye, courtesy name Jiyuan, served as a palace eunuch under Tang Xizong.