Overview
Emperor Jing was a ruler and Dynastic Ancestor.
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|
| Temple name |
Grand Ancestor |
太祖 |
Taizu |
Life and dates
Attested activity
Places and affiliations
Tang
Relation Associated with
References in the histories
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Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 143Volume 143: Treatises 5 Rites 2 · 12 passages
已毀未毀之主，並合食於太祖之廟，逐廟功臣，配饗於太廟之庭。
Tablets of ancestors whose shrines had been closed down and those still active were all to share a meal in the Grand Ancestor's hall, while meritorious officials from each shrine received secondary offerings in the temple courtyard.
本朝寶應元年定禮，奉景皇帝為始封之祖。
In Baoying 1 of our dynasty the rites were codified, with Emperor Jing honored as the founding ancestor of the original enfeoffment.
既廟號太祖，百代不遷，每遇禘祫，位居東向之尊，自代祖元皇帝、高祖、太宗已下，列聖子孫，各序昭穆南北相向，合食於前。
With the temple name Grand Ancestor, his place would never be moved; at every di or collective sacrifice he held the seat of honor facing east. From the Yuan Emperor of Dai through the High Ancestor and Great Ancestor and below, successive imperial descendants were arranged in zhao-mu order north and south, sharing the feast before him.
聖朝中興，重修宗廟，今太廟見饗高祖、太宗、懿宗、昭宗、獻祖、太祖、莊宗七廟，太祖景皇帝在祧廟之數，不列廟饗。
After the dynasty's revival the ancestral shrines were rebuilt; the Imperial Temple now served seven halls—the High Ancestor, Great Ancestor, Yizong, Zhaozong, Xianzu, Taizu, and Zhuangzong—while Grand Ancestor Emperor Jing was relegated to the distant-lineage shrine and no longer received regular temple offerings.
將來禘禮，若奉高祖居東向之尊，則禘饗不及於太祖、代祖；
If the upcoming di rite placed the High Ancestor in the seat of honor facing east, the di offering would not include the Grand Ancestor or the Dai ancestor;
若以祧廟太祖居東向之位，則又違於禮意。
yet placing Grand Ancestor from the distant shrine in the east-facing seat would likewise violate ritual propriety.
戶部尚書韓彥惲等奏議曰：「伏以本朝尊受命之祖景皇帝為始封之君，百代不遷，長居廟食，自貞觀至於天祐，無所改更，聖祖神孫，左昭右穆。
Minister of Revenue Han Yanhun and others submitted their opinion: "Our dynasty honors Emperor Jing, the ancestor who received the Mandate, as the founding lord of the first enfeoffment—his place unmoved for a hundred generations, with perpetual temple offerings. From Zhenguan through Tianyou nothing was altered; sage forebears and divine descendants were arranged with zhao on the left and mu on the right.
自中興國祚，再議宗祊，以太祖景皇帝在祧廟之數，不列祖宗，欲尊太祖之位，將行東向之儀，爰命群臣，同議可否。
Since the dynasty's revival the ancestral shrines had been reconsidered; because Grand Ancestor Emperor Jing was counted among the distant lineage and excluded from the main ancestral roster, the court wished to honor his position with the east-facing rite and ordered the ministers to debate whether this was proper.
今既行定禮之規，又以祧太祖之室。
The court now follows the fixed ritual regulations while also drawing on the distant-lineage hall of the Grand Ancestor.
昔德宗朝，將行禘祫之禮，顏真卿議請奉獻祖居東向之位，景皇帝暫居昭穆之列，考之於貞元，則以為誤，行之於今日，正得其禮。
In Dezong's reign, when di and collective sacrifices were planned, Yan Zhenqing proposed placing Xianzu in the east-facing seat and Emperor Jing temporarily in the zhao-mu ranks; judged by Zhenyuan standards that had been an error, but applied today it would be exactly proper ritual.
今欲請每遇禘祫之歲，暫奉景皇帝居東向之尊，自元皇帝以下，敘列昭穆。」
We therefore propose that in every year of di or collective sacrifice, Emperor Jing temporarily hold the seat of honor facing east, with the Yuan Emperor and below arranged in zhao-mu order."
至如國朝，太祖曰景皇帝，以受命而有唐室，宣宗皇帝以隔代承運，皇綱復振故也。
In our dynasty, the Grand Ancestor is called Emperor Jing because he received the Mandate and possessed the Tang house; Emperor Xuanzong because he received the fortune across generations and restored the imperial norm.