Dong Zhang (董璋) | 24 Histories

Overview

Dong Zhang was a Later Liang and Later Tang general and military governor of Dongchuan.

Life and dates

Death

AD 932 長興三年
killed by Wang Hui 率眾以害之 · With Wang Hui (王暉)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 170
AD 932 長興三年六月戊午
Killed by Wang Hui after defeat
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 109

Attested activity

AD 918 貞明四年冬十月辛丑朔
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 113-114
AD 930 丁未
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 211
AD 930 乙巳
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 210
AD 917 貞明三年二月乙酉
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7
AD 930 丙戌
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 196
AD 930 甲申
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 189

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AD 930 癸未
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 187
AD 923 龍德三年春三月至八月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 10, passages 148, 161
AD 926 AD 926-933
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 26, passage 150
AD 930 AD 930-932
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 107
AD 925 三年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 44, passage 123
AD 932 三年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 177
AD 925 九月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passages 48, 73
AD 930 九月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 252
AD 926 to AD 930 作鎮東川已數年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 171
AD 926 其年秋
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 22
AD 930 十一月乙亥
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 229
AD 930 十一月壬申
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 228
AD 930 十一月辛巳
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 232
AD 925 十二月壬戌
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161
AD 925 同光三年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 113; Old History of the Five Dynasties 74, passage 15
AD 925 同光三年八月己丑
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 47
AD 926 同光四年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 74, passage 44
AD 926 壬子
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passages 110-111
AD 927 天成二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 118
AD 926 天成元年六月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 116
AD 926 天成初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 117
AD 929 天成四年夏
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 123
AD 926 to AD 933 明宗時
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passages 7, 9
AD 926 to AD 933 明宗朝
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 66, passage 37
AD 927 明年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 183
AD 923 梁議出石會
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 44, passage 102
AD 923 梁龍德末
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 107
AD 932 知祥與董璋有隙…一戰而董璋敗
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passages 202-203, 205-206, 208-210
AD 922 to AD 923 繼韜之叛
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 145
AD 923 莊宗將即位／平河南
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 111
AD 923 莊宗時
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 32, passage 71
AD 928 to AD 933 莊宗至明宗初年語境
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 23
AD 930 董璋反東川
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passage 25
AD 930 to AD 934 西川俱叛
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 107
AD 932 長興三年五月三日
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 210
AD 932 長興三年六月戊午
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 109
AD 932 長興三年四月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 158
AD 930 to AD 933 長興中
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passages 43, 47
AD 931 長興二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 80
AD 930 長興元年五月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 145
AD 930 長興元年冬
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passages 174-175
AD 930 長興元年冬十月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 70, passage 135
AD 930 長興元年夏
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 135
AD 930 長興初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 70, passage 70

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
affines by marriage 婚家 · Marriage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 173
Parent of Dong Guangye (董光業)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 211; Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 120; New History of the Five Dynasties 26, passage 157
Parent of Young son of Dong Zhang (董璋小兒)
young son 小兒
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 148

Kinship Role sons · Negated true · said to have entered the yellow springs (spoken as already dead) · Count 0
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 156

Key source chapters

Career and standing

acting Xuanyi Army military and prefectural commissioner 權知宣義軍軍州事
AD 917 貞明三年二月乙酉 · Acting
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7
Fellow of the Secretariat 同平章事
AD 927 天成二年 · Added
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 118
acting Grand Tutor 檢校太傅
AD 926 天成初 · Added
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 117
acting Grand Marshal 檢校太尉
AD 930 長興元年夏 · Added
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 135
Jiannan Dongchuan military vice commissioner and acting commissioner 劍南東川節度副大使、知節度事
AD 925 十二月壬戌 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161
Binzhou military commissioner 邠州節度使
AD 925 同光三年八月己丑 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 47

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acting governor of Binzhou 邠州留後
AD 925 同光三年夏 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 113
southwestern campaign commander 西南招討使
AD 927 明年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passage 183
acting Grand Preceptor 檢校太傅
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 116
deputy military governor of Eastern Chuan 劍南東川節度副大使知節度事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 116
military governor of Dongchuan 東川節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 74, passage 20
Military governor of Dongchuan 東川節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 44, passage 125
prefect of Zezhou 澤州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 109
right wing horse-and-foot chief of the campaign 行營右廂馬步都虞候
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 73
Ze prefect 澤州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 148
Right Dragon-Tiger commander 右龍虎統軍
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 貞明四年冬十月 · Regnal Year: 4 · Season: winter · Lunar Month: 10 · Western Year: AD 918
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
acting Left Awesome Guard senior general 守左威衛大將軍
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Luoyuan commissioner 洛苑使
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
prefect of Cai 蔡州刺史
AD 917 貞明三年二月乙酉 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7
acting Grand Guardian 檢校太保
AD 925 十二月壬戌 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161
Binzhou military commissioner 邠州節度使
AD 925 十二月壬戌 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161
Binzhou acting regent 邠州留後
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 47
Binzhou military commissioner 邠州節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 73
Dongchuan military commissioner 東川節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 187, 196
Left Wing horse-and-foot commander 左廂馬步軍都指揮使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 44, passage 123
military governor of Bin 邠州節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 74, passage 15
military governor of Dongchuan 東川節度使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 7
Military Governor of Dongchuan 東川節度使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 26, passage 150
military governor of Dongchuan 鎮東川
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 171
Sword South eastern circuit military vice commissioner and acting commissioner 劍南東川節度副大使、知節度事
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 116
honorary Situ 檢校司徒
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Purple-Gold Grand Master of Splendid Happiness 金紫光祿大夫
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Entered
AD 930 九月 · Rebel
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 252
In rebellion
AD 930 十一月乙亥 · Rebel
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 229
Sentenced
AD 930 丙戌 · Stripped of office and titles
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 196
stripped of ranks 削奪…官爵
AD 930 長興元年秋 · Suffered
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 151

Places and affiliations

AD 918 貞明四年冬十月
Polity Later Liang 後梁 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Later Tang 後唐
Relation Served
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 7
Polity Later Liang 後梁 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 7
Polity Later Liang 後梁 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 145
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 47
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161; Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 210

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Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 111; Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 109
AD 917 貞明三年二月乙酉
At Cai 蔡州 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7
AD 917 貞明三年二月乙酉
At Xuanyi 宣義 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7
At Binzhou 邠州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 47
At Dongchuan 東川 · Relation Based in
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 252
At Dongchuan 東川 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 111; Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 187; Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 171
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月
Organization Right Dragon-Tiger Army 右龍虎 · Relation Commander of
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Organization Xuanyi Army 宣義軍 · Relation Member of
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 1, 6-7

Works and attributed material

Letter · Author · With Dong Guangye (董光業)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passages 137-138
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 111; Old History of the Five Dynasties 73, passage 22
Proclamation · Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 189
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Li Renju (李仁矩)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passages 128-130
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 156
Speech · Speaker · With Yao Hong (姚洪)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 49

Events and relationships

Right Dragon-Tiger commander 右龍虎統軍
AD 918 貞明四年冬十月 · Appointment · Appointee · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 114
Attacked Zhixiang at Mizhen
AD 932 長興三年四月 · Military · Attacker · With Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥) · Outcome Defeated
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passages 158, 164-165
Attacked
AD 930 十一月壬申 · Military · Attacker · With Yang Hanzhang (楊漢章)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 228
Attacked
AD 932 舉兵討之 · Military · Opponent · Mode named-source-report Source Work Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties 五代史補
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 202
Besieged Ze
Military · Commander · With Pei Yue (裴約)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 32, passage 71
Captured Lang
AD 930 乙巳 · Military · Attacker · At Lang 閬州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 210

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Captured Zezhou
Military · Commander · With Pei Yue (裴約)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 109
Defeated by
AD 932 三年 · Military · Defeated · With Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 177
Defeated
AD 932 一戰而董璋敗 · Military · Defeated commander · Mode named-source-report Source Work Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties 五代史補
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 210
Executed by edict
Legal · Executor · With Li Lingde (李令德)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 111
Garrison defeated
AD 930 十一月十三日 · Military · Defender · With Wang Hongzan (王宏贄) · At Jianmen Pass 劍門關
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 232
Household of commissioner killed
AD 930 乙巳 · Military · Commander · With Li Renju (李仁矩) · At Lang 閬州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 210
Judged Zhixiang coming to die
Military · Opponent · With Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥) · Mode named-source-report Source Work Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties 五代史補
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 203
Led troops to Hanzhou, was routed, fled, and was killed by Wang Hui
AD 932 長興三年六月戊午 · Military · Commander · With Wang Hui (王暉)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 109
Ordered to attack Pei Yue and captured Ze prefecture
Military · Commander · With Pei Yue (裴約)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 10, passages 148, 161
Plotted rebellion
AD 930 癸未 · Military · Rebel · With Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 187
Raided prefectures inside the gorges
AD 931 長興二年 · Military · Raider · With An Chongruan (安崇阮)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 80
Rebelled in eastern Sichuan
Rebellion · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 23
Rebelled
AD 930 九月 · Military · Rebel · At Dongchuan 東川
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 252
Rebelled
AD 933 決反 · Political · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 26, passage 161
Rebelled
Military · Rebel · At Eastern Chuan 東川
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 66, passage 37
Rebelled
Military · Rebel · At West Riverland 西川
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 107
Rebelled
Rebellion · Rebel · At Dongchuan 東川
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 49, passage 25
Routed at Hanzhou on the third of the fifth month; eastern Sichuan taken
Military · Defeated
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 210
Seized Langzhou
Military · Commander · At Langzhou 閬州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 174
Sent Hongzhao to court
Political · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 9
Threatened attack on Li and Lang
AD 930 甲申 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 189
Took Langzhou killed Renju
AD 930 長興元年 · Military · Rebel · With Li Renju (李仁矩)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 146
Transferred
AD 925 十二月壬戌 · Appointment · Appointee · At Jiannan Dongchuan 劍南東川
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 161
Was assigned to march from Dongchuan but never sent troops
AD 927 明年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passages 183-184
AD 930 十一月乙亥
Relation Ally of · Person Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 229
Relation Allied with · Person Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 187
Relation Marriage alliance sought with · Person Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 147
Relation Rival of · Person Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 157
Relation Superior of · Person Zhu Hongzhao (朱宏昭)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 27, passage 7
Relation Former servant of · Person Li the Seventh (李七郎)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 70, passage 84

Assessments and attributes

Assessment brutal and savage · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Zhao Jiliang (趙季良) Source Work Records of the Nine Kingdoms 九國誌
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 160
Assessment fierce and bold · Mode named-source-report Source Work Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties 五代史補
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 203

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 33, passages 47, 73, 161; Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 111; Old History of the Five Dynasties 75, passage 252; Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 202; New History of the Five Dynasties 32, passage 71
Value historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 171

References in the histories

Search passages

History

136 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Book of Later Liang 9: Later Emperors Annals 2 · 2 passages

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乙酉，前蔡州刺史董璋權知宣義軍軍州事。 On yiyou, Dong Zhang, former prefect of Cai, was given acting charge of Xuanyi Army affairs.

以洛苑使、金紫光祿大夫、檢校司徒、守左威衛大將軍董璋為右龍虎統軍。 Dong Zhang, Luoyuan commissioner and acting Left Awesome Guard senior general, was made Right Dragon-Tiger commander.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Book of Later Liang 10: Later Emperors Annals 3 · 2 passages

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澤州刺史裴約不從繼韜之謀，帝命董璋為澤州刺史，令將兵攻之。 Ze prefect Pei Yue refused the plot; Dong Zhang was sent to take Ze by force.

董璋攻澤州，下之。 Dong Zhang took Ze prefecture.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 33Volume 33 Book of Later Tang 9: Zhuangzong Annals 7 · 3 passages

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己丑，以襄州留後李紹珙為襄州節度使，以邠州留後董璋為邠州節度使。 On jichou Li Shaogong of Xiang and Dong Zhang of Bin became their circuits' commissioners.

今命興聖宮使、魏王繼岌充西川四面行營都統，命侍中、樞密使郭崇韜充西川東北面行營都招討製置等使，荊南節度使高季興充西川東南面行營都招討使，鳳翔節度使李嚴充供軍轉運應接等使，同州節度使李令德充行營招討副使，陝府節度使李紹琛充行營蕃漢馬步軍都排陣斬斫使，西京留守張筠充西川管內安撫應接使，華州節度使毛璋充行營左廂馬步都虞候，邠州節度使董璋充行營右廂馬步都虞候，客省使李嚴充西川管內招撫使，總領闕下諸軍，兼西面諸道馬步兵事，取九月十八日進發。 Jiji was made overall Shu commander; Guo Chongtao northeast commander; Gao Jixing southeast commander; Li Yan of Fengxiang supply chief; Li Lingde deputy; Li Shaochen array chief; Zhang Yun pacification chief; Mao Zhang left wing chief; Dong Zhang right wing chief; Li Yan also pacified Shu—leading capital and western forces to march on the eighteenth of the ninth month.

以邠州節度使、檢校太保董璋為劍南東川節度副大使、知節度事； Dong Zhang of Bin—acting Grand Guardian—became Jiannan Dongchuan vice commissioner and acting commissioner;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 34Volume 34 Book of Later Tang 10: Zhuangzong Annals 8 · 1 passage

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東川董璋奏，準詔誅遂州節度使李令德於本州，夷其族。 Dong Zhang of Dongchuan reported executing Suizhou commissioner Li Lingde there by edict and wiping out his clan.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 36Volume 36 Book of Later Tang 12: Mingzong Annals 2 · 1 passage

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劍南西川節度副大使、知節度使事孟知祥加檢校太傅、兼侍中，劍南東川節度副大使、知節度事董璋加檢校太傅。 Meng Zhixiang of western Shu became acting Grand Marshal and Palace Attendant; Dong Zhang of eastern Shu became acting Grand Marshal.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Book of Later Tang 17: Mingzong Annals 7 · 6 passages

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癸未，利、閬、遂三州奏，東川節度使董璋謀叛，結連西川孟知祥。 On guiwei Li, Lang, and Su reported Dongchuan commissioner Dong Zhang plotting rebellion with Xichuan Meng Zhixiang.

丙戌，詔東川節度使董璋可削奪在身官爵，仍征兵進討。 On bingxu Mingzong stripped Dong Zhang's ranks and ordered troops to attack.

乙巳，供奉官張仁暉自利州回，奏董璋攻陷閬州，節度使李仁矩舉家遇害。 On yisi attendant Zhang Renhui returned from Li and reported Dong Zhang had taken Lang; commissioner Li Renju and his whole household were killed.

壬申，黔南節度使楊漢章棄城奔忠州，為董璋所攻也。 On renshen Yang Hanzhang of Qiannan abandoned his post and fled to Zhong—attacked by Dong Zhang.

乙亥，製西川節度使孟知祥削奪官爵，以其同董璋叛也。 On yihai an order stripped Xichuan commissioner Meng Zhixiang of rank for colluding with Dong Zhang.

辛巳，西面軍前奏，今月十三日，階州刺史王宏贄、瀘州刺史馮暉，自利州取山路出劍門關外倒下，殺敗董璋守關兵士三千餘人，收復劍州。 On xinsi the western front reported: on the thirteenth Jie prefect Wang Hongzan and Lu prefect Feng Hui, from Li by a mountain path outside Jianmen Pass, struck Dong Zhang's garrison of more than three thousand and recovered Jian.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 42Volume 42 Book of Later Tang 18: Mingzong Annals 8 · 1 passage

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時董璋寇峽內諸州，崇阮望風遁走。 Dong Zhang was raiding the gorges and Chongruan had fled before him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Book of Later Tang 19: Mingzong Annals 9 · 2 passages

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戊午，荊南奏：「東川董璋領兵至漢州，西川孟知祥出兵逆戰，璋大敗，得部下人二十餘，走入東川城，尋為前陵州刺史王暉所殺，孟知祥已入梓州。」 On wuwu Jingnan reported: "Dong Zhang of eastern Sichuan had marched on Han; Meng Zhixiang of western Sichuan met him; Zhang was routed with only twenty-odd followers, fled into the eastern Sichuan capital, was killed by former Ling prefect Wang Hui, and Meng Zhixiang had entered Zizhou."

又奏五月三日，大破東川董璋之眾於漢州，收下東川。 He also reported that on the third of the fifth month he had routed Dong Zhang of eastern Sichuan at Hanzhou and taken eastern Sichuan.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 52Volume 52 Book of Later Tang 28: Biographies 4: Li Sizhao, Pei Yue, Li Siben, Li Si'en · 2 passages

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梁主見之喜，因令董璋將兵應接，營於潞州之南，加繼韜同平章事，改昭義軍為匡義軍。 The Liang ruler received him gladly and sent Dong Zhang with troops to support him, encamping south of Luzhou. Jitao was made Fellow of the Secretariat, and the Zhaoyi army was renamed the Kuangyi army.

繼而梁以董璋為澤州刺史，率眾攻城，約拒久之，告急於莊宗。 Soon the Liang appointed Dong Zhang prefect of Ze and besieged the city. Yue held out for a long time and sent an urgent appeal to Zhuangzong.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 61Volume 61 Book of Later Tang 37: Biographies 13: An Jinquan, An Yuanxin, An Zhongba, Liu Xun, Zhang Jingxun, Liu Yancong, Yuan Jianfeng, Xifang Ye, Zhang Zunhui, Sun Zhang · 2 passages

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明年，荊南高季興叛，明宗遣襄州節度使劉訓等招討，而以東川董璋為西南招討使，乃拜鄴夔州刺史，副璋，以兵出三峽。 The following year, when Gao Jixing of Jingnan rebelled, Mingzong sent Liu Xun of Xiang and others against him and made Dong Zhang of Dongchuan southwestern commander; Ye was made prefect of Qi to assist Zhang and marched through the Three Gorges.

已而訓等無功見黜，諸將皆罷，璋未嘗出兵，惟鄴獨取夔、忠、萬三州，乃以夔州為寧江軍，拜鄴節度使。 Soon Xun and the others were dismissed for failure; the other generals were recalled and Zhang never marched—only Ye captured Qi, Zhong, and Wan, after which Qi was organized as the Ningjiang circuit and Ye was made its commissioner.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 40 passages

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董璋，本梁之驍將也。 Dong Zhang had been one of the Liang's fiercest generals.

璋既壯，得隸於梁祖帳下，後以軍功遷為列校。 When Zhang came of age he entered the Liang founder's service and rose through battlefield merit to company commander.

梁末帝遣璋攻陷澤州，遂授澤州刺史。 The last Liang emperor sent Zhang to capture Zezhou and appointed him its prefect.

是歲，莊宗入汴，璋來朝，莊宗素聞其名，優以待之。 That year, when Zhuangzong entered Bian, Zhang came to court; Zhuangzong had long known his reputation and received him generously.

時郭崇韜當國，待璋尤厚。 Guo Chongtao then dominated the government and treated Zhang with exceptional favor.

九月，大舉伐蜀，以璋為行營右廂馬步都虞候。 In the ninth month a major expedition against Shu was launched, with Zhang as superintendent of the right wing of the field army.

時郭崇韜為招討使，凡有軍機，皆召璋參決。 Guo Chongtao commanded the expedition and summoned Zhang to every council on military affairs.

是冬，蜀平，以璋為劍南東川節度副大使，知節度事。 Shu fell that winter, and Zhang was made deputy military governor of Eastern Chuan with full control of circuit affairs.

是時安重誨當國，采人邪謀，言孟知祥必不為國家使，惟董璋性忠義，可特寵任，令圖知祥。 An Chonghui then held power and listened to slanderers who said Meng Zhixiang would never serve the throne, whereas Dong Zhang was loyal and should be specially favored to counter Zhixiang.

又璋之子光業為宮苑使，在朝結托勢援，爭言璋之善，知祥之惡。 Zhang's son Guangye, palace park commissioner, cultivated powerful allies at court and ceaselessly praised his father while denouncing Zhixiang.

恩寵既優，故璋益恣其暴戾。 With imperial favor secure, Zhang grew ever more violent and overbearing.

初，奉使東川者，皆言璋不恭於朝廷。 Envoys returning from Eastern Chuan had long reported Zhang's disrespect toward the court.

四年夏，時明宗將議郊天，遣客省使李仁矩齎詔示諭兩川，又遣安重誨馳書於璋，以征貢奉，約以五十萬為數。 In the summer of the fourth year, as Mingzong prepared for the suburban sacrifice, he sent palace envoy Li Renju with an edict to the two Chuan and dispatched An Chonghui with a letter demanding five hundred thousand in tribute from Zhang.

既而璋訴以地狹民貧，許貢十萬而已。 Zhang protested that his territory was poor and narrow, and tribute was reduced to one hundred thousand.

翌日，璋於衙署設宴以召仁矩，日既中而不至，璋使人偵之，仁矩方擁倡婦與賓友酣飲於驛亭。 The next day Zhang gave a banquet at headquarters for Renju, but noon passed and he did not appear; spies found Renju in the relay station drinking with singing girls and guests.

璋大怒，遽領數百人，執持戈戟，驟入驛中，令洞開其門。 Zhang flew into a rage, led several hundred armed men into the relay station, and ordered the doors broken open.

璋坐，立仁矩於階下，戟手罵曰：「當我作魏博都監，爾為通引小將，其時去就，已有等威。 Zhang seated himself and made Renju stand below the steps, then pointed at him and raged: "When I was inspector of Weibo you were a mere escort officer—even then there was rank between us.

璋乃馳騎入衙，竟徹饌而不召。 Zhang rode back to headquarters and dismissed the feast without ever summoning Renju.

洎仁矩復命，益言璋不法。 On his return Renju reported Zhang's misconduct at even greater length.

長興元年夏，明宗以郊禋禮畢，加璋檢校太尉。 In the summer of the first Changxing year, after Mingzong completed the suburban sacrifice, Zhang was promoted to acting Grand Marshal.

時兩川刺史嘗以兵為牙軍，小郡不下五百人，璋已疑間，及聞除仁矩鎮閬州，璋由是謀反乃決。 The two Chuan governors each maintained guard armies of at least five hundred men even in small prefectures; Zhang already suspected encirclement, and when he learned Renju had been appointed to Langzhou his decision to rebel was fixed.

重誨不從，鹹乂未至，璋已擅追綿州刺史武虔裕，囚於衙署。 Chonghui refused; before Xianyi arrived Zhang had already recalled Mianzhou prefect Wu Qianyu and imprisoned him at headquarters.

五月，璋傳檄於利、閬、遂等州，責以間諜朝廷。 In the fifth month Zhang issued proclamations to Li, Lang, Sui, and neighboring prefectures accusing them of spying for the court.

先是，璋欲謀叛，先遣使持厚幣於孟知祥，求為婚家。 Before his rebellion Zhang had sent envoys with rich gifts to Meng Zhixiang proposing a marriage alliance.

既而知祥出師以圍遂州，故璋攻閬州得恣其毒焉。 When Zhixiang later marched to besiege Suizhou, Zhang was free to ravage Langzhou at will.

其年秋，詔削奪璋在身官爵，命天雄軍節度使石敬瑭為東川行營招討使，率師以討之。 That autumn an edict stripped Zhang of his ranks and appointed Tianxiong governor Shi Jingtang Eastern Chuan campaign commissioner to lead troops against him.

璋之子宮苑使光業並其族，並斬於洛陽。 Zhang's son Guangye, palace park commissioner, and his entire clan were executed at Luoyang.

時孟知祥其骨肉在京師者俱無恙焉，因遣使報璋，欲連表稱謝。 Zhixiang's kin in the capital had been spared; he sent word to Zhang proposing a joint memorial of thanks to the throne.

璋怒曰：「西川存得弟侄，遂欲再通朝廷，璋之兒孫已入黃泉，何謝之有！」 Zhang raged: "Western Chuan still has brothers and nephews alive, so you wish to reopen ties with the court—my sons and grandsons are already in the grave; what thanks is there to offer!"

自是璋疑知祥背己，始構隙矣。 From that moment Zhang suspected Zhixiang had betrayed him, and the rift between them began.

三年四月，璋率所部兵萬餘人以襲知祥。 In the fourth month of the third year Zhang led more than ten thousand men in a surprise attack on Zhixiang.

〈（《九國誌·趙季良傳》：季良嘗與知祥從容語曰：「璋性狼戾，若堅守一城，攻之難克。」 (From the biography of Zhao Jiliang in the Records of the Nine Kingdoms: Jiliang once told Zhixiang in private, "Zhang is brutal and savage; if he holds a single city firm, he will be hard to defeat."

及聞璋起兵，知祥憂形於色。 When news came that Zhang had taken the field, worry showed on Zhixiang's face.

季良曰：「璋不守巢穴，此天以授公也。」 Jiliang said, "Zhang has left his base undefended—Heaven is handing victory to you."

既而璋果敗。）〉 Zhang was indeed defeated soon after.)〉

璋軍大敗，得數十騎，復奔於東川。 Zhang's army was shattered; he escaped with only a few dozen horsemen back to Eastern Chuan.

〈（《九國誌·趙廷隱傳》：董璋襲廣漢，將攻成都，時東川廩藏充實，部下多敢死之士，其來也，眾皆畏之。 (From the biography of Zhao Tingyin in the Records of the Nine Kingdoms: Dong Zhang raided Guanghan and was marching on Chengdu; Eastern Chuan's stores were full and his men were fearless; his advance struck terror into every heart.

知祥親督諸將，與璋戰雞縱橋前，頗為所挫。 Zhixiang personally led his generals against Zhang before Jizong Bridge and was driven back.

廷隱偽遁，璋逐之，知祥與張公鐸繼進，璋軍亂不成列，廷隱整陣，與知祥合擊之，璋軍大敗。）〉 Tingyin feigned retreat; Zhang pursued; Zhixiang and Zhang Gongduo pressed forward; Zhang's army fell into disorder; Tingyin reformed his line and joined Zhixiang in a combined assault that shattered Zhang's force.)〉

先是，前陵州刺史王暉為璋所邀，寓於東川，至是因璋之敗，率眾以害之，傳其首於西川。 Earlier the former Lingzhou prefect Wang Hui, whom Zhang had brought to Eastern Chuan, took advantage of Zhang's defeat, led troops to kill him, and sent his head to Western Chuan.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 64Volume 64 Book of Later Tang 40: Biographies 16: Hou Yanwei, Wang Yanqiu, Dai Siyuan, Zhu Hanbin, Kong Qing, Liu Qi, Zhou Zhiyu · 1 passage

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及西川俱叛，思遠以董璋故人，避嫌請代，征入朝宿衛，以年告老，授太子少保致仕。 When both Shu territories rebelled, Siyuan, an old friend of Dong Zhang, asked to be replaced to avoid suspicion; he was recalled to court for palace guard duty, then retired on grounds of age as Crown Prince Junior Mentor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65 Book of Later Tang 41: Biographies 17: Li Jianji, Shi Junli, Gao Xinggui, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Sitong, Suo Zitong · 2 passages

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思同恃勇先入劍門，大軍未相繼，復被董璋兵逐出之。 Sitong, trusting his bravery, rushed into Jianmen before the main host could follow and was thrown back out by Dong Zhang's men.

三年，兩川交兵，明宗慮並在一人，則朝廷難製，密詔思同相度形勢，即乘間用軍，事未行而董璋敗。 In the third year the two Sichuan warlords fought each other. Mingzong feared that if one man held both circuits the court could not restrain him, and secretly told Sitong to survey the ground and strike when a chance opened. Before the plan moved, Dong Zhang was already beaten.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 66Volume 66 Book of Later Tang 42: Biographies 8: an Zhonghui, Zhu Hongzhao, Zhu Hongshi, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou, Song Lingxun · 1 passage

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時以東川帥董璋恃險難製，乃以武虔裕為綿州刺史，董璋益懷疑忌，遂縶虔裕以叛。 Eastern Chuan's Dong Zhang held difficult country and defied control; when Wu Qianyu was sent to Mianzhou, Zhang's suspicions deepened and he imprisoned Yu and rebelled.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 70Volume 70 Book of Later Tang 46: Biographies 22: Yuan Xingqin, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Li Yan, Li Renju, Kang Sili, Zhang Jingda · 14 passages

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〈（《九國誌·李仁罕傳》：夏魯奇稟朝廷之命，繕治甲兵，將圖蜀，孟知祥與董璋謀先取魯奇，令仁罕攻遂州。）〉 (From the Biography of Li Renhan in the Jiuguo Zhi: Xia Luqi obeyed the court's orders, repaired arms and armor, and prepared to move against Shu. Meng Zhixiang and Dong Zhang plotted to strike him first and ordered Renhan to attack Suizhou.)〉

董璋之叛，與孟知祥攻遂州，援路斷絕，兵盡食窮， When Dong Zhang rebelled, he and Meng Zhixiang besieged Suizhou. Relief routes were cut, the garrison was spent, and provisions ran out,

在梁時，經事董璋，長興初，率兵千人戍閬州。 While still with Liang he had served under Dong Zhang. At the start of the Changxing era he led a thousand men to garrison Langzhou.

璋叛，領眾攻閬州，璋密令人誘洪，洪以大義拒之。 When Zhang rebelled he marched on Langzhou. Zhang secretly sent agents to win Hong over, but Hong refused on grounds of loyalty and duty.

及璋攻城，洪悉力拒守者三日，禦備既竭，城陷被擒。 When Zhang laid siege to the city, Hong defended it with everything he had for three days. When his supplies and defenses were spent the city fell and he was taken.

璋謂洪曰：「爾頃為健兒，由吾獎拔至此； Zhang said to Hong, "Only recently you were a common fighting man whom I promoted and raised to where you stand now.

璋怒，令軍士十人，持刀刲割其膚，燃鑊於前，自取啖食，洪至死大罵不已。 Zhang in fury ordered ten soldiers with knives to slice flesh from his body, set a cauldron blazing before him, and eat the pieces themselves. Hong cursed him without stopping until he died.

天成中，因奉使東川，董璋張筵以召之，仁矩貪於館舍，與倡妓酣飲，日既中而不至，大為璋所詬辱，自是深銜之。 During the Tiancheng era, while on mission to Eastern Chuan, Dong Zhang held a banquet in his honor. Renju stayed at the lodge drinking with courtesans and did not arrive until after noon. Dong Zhang rebuked him harshly, and from that day Renju nursed a deep hatred.

長興初，璋既跋扈於東川，重誨奏以仁矩為閬州節度使，俾伺璋之反狀，時物議以為不可。 Early in the Changxing era, Dong Zhang was already acting arrogantly in Eastern Chuan. Chonghui memorialized appointing Renju military governor of Langzhou to watch for signs of rebellion, though public opinion at the time held this unwise.

及仁矩至鎮，偵璋所為，曲形奏報，地裏遐僻，朝廷莫知事實，激成璋之逆節，由仁矩也。 Once Renju reached his post, he spied on Dong Zhang and sent distorted reports to court. The region was remote, and Beijing knew nothing of the truth. Dong Zhang's rebellion was provoked by Renju.

長興元年冬十月，璋自率凶黨，以攻其城。 In the tenth month of winter in the first year of Changxing, Dong Zhang personally led his ruffians to attack the city.

仁矩召軍校謀守戰利害，皆曰：「璋久圖反計，以賂誘士心，凶氣方盛，未可與戰，宜堅壁以守之。 Renju summoned his officers to discuss whether to defend or attack. They all said, "Dong Zhang has long plotted rebellion and has bought the soldiers' loyalty. His momentum is fierce. We should not fight yet but hold the walls firm.

既而城陷，仁矩被擒，舉族為璋所害。 Soon the city fell. Renju was captured, and Dong Zhang killed his entire clan.

長興初，朝廷舉兵討東川董璋，詔監西面行營軍馬都指揮使。 Early in the Changxing era the court raised troops against Dong Zhang of Eastern Chuan and ordered him to supervise the western campaign as overall commander of the army's horse units.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 73Volume 73 Book of Later Tang 49: Biographies 25: Mao Zhang, Nie Yu, Wen Tao, Duan Ning, Kong Qian, Li Ye · 2 passages

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其年秋，東川節度使董璋上言：「毛璋男廷贇齎父書往西川，慮有陰事。」 That autumn, Dong Zhang, military commissioner of Dongchuan, memorialized: "Mao Zhang's son Tingyun is carrying a letter from his father to western Sichuan, and I fear some covert design lies behind the journey."

其年，契丹寇幽州，命宣徽使李紹宏監護諸軍，以禦契丹，凝與董璋戍瓦橋關。 That year the Khitan raided Youzhou. Li Shaohong, commissioner of the Palace Secretariat, was appointed to oversee the armies against them; Ning and Dong Zhang garrisoned Waqiao Pass.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 74Volume 74 Book of Later Tang 50: Biographies 126: Kang Yanxiao, Zhu Shouyin, Yang Li, Dou Tingwan, Zhang Qianzhao, Yang Yanwen · 12 passages

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時邠州節度使董璋為行營右廂馬步使，華州節度使毛璋為行營左廂馬步使，以軍禮當事延孝。 At the time Dong Zhang, military governor of Bin, served as right-wing horse-and-foot commander of the campaign army, and Mao Zhang, military governor of Hua, as left-wing commander. By military protocol both should have deferred to Yanxiao.

郭崇韜以私愛董璋，及西川平定之後，崇韜每有兵機，必召璋參決，延孝不平。 Guo Chongtao favored Dong Zhang personally. After western Sichuan was pacified, Chongtao consulted Zhang on every military matter, which rankled Yanxiao.

時延孝軍於城西，毛璋軍於城東，董璋軍於城中。 Yanxiao's troops camped west of the city, Mao Zhang's east of it, and Dong Zhang's inside the walls.

閏十二月，延孝因酒酣謂董璋曰：「吾有平蜀之功，公等仆蔌相從，反首鼠於侍中之門，謀相傾陷，吾為都將，公乃裨校，力能斬首。」 In the intercalary twelfth month, Yanxiao, deep in his cups, said to Dong Zhang, "I won Shu. You tagged along behind me like lackeys, yet you play both sides at the Chief Councilor's door and plot my ruin. I am the chief commander and you a mere subordinate — I could take your head whenever I chose."

璋惶恐，謝之而退。 Zhang was terrified, apologized, and withdrew.

酒罷，璋訴於郭崇韜，崇韜陰銜之，乃署董璋為東川節度使，落軍職。 After the banquet Zhang complained to Guo Chongtao. Chongtao already bore a private grudge against Yanxiao and now appointed Dong Zhang military governor of Dongchuan, stripping him of his field command.

延孝怒，謂毛璋曰：「吾冒白刃，犯險阻，平定兩川，董璋何功，遽有其地！」 Yanxiao flew into a rage and told Mao Zhang, "I faced naked steel and treacherous passes to conquer both circuits of Shu. What has Dong Zhang done to deserve that territory!"

未幾，崇韜為繼岌所害，二人因責董璋曰：「公復首鼠何門？」 Before long Chongtao was killed on Siji's orders. The two men then turned on Dong Zhang. "Which door will you straddle now?" they demanded.

璋俯首祈哀而已。 Zhang could only bow his head and plead for his life.

俄而董璋率兵之遂州，遇延孝不謁，延孝怒，謂諸校曰：「南平梁汴，西定巴邛，畫策之謀，始於郭公，而汗馬之勞，力摧強敵，即吾也。 Soon afterward Dong Zhang marched to Suizhou and, meeting Yanxiao on the road, failed to pay his respects. Yanxiao raged at his officers. "We pacified Liang and Bian in the south and secured Ba and Qiong in the west. Lord Guo drew up the plans, but the hard fighting and the breaking of strong enemies — that was my work.

甲寅，圜以大軍至漢州，延孝來逆戰，圜令董璋以東川懦卒當其鋒，伏精兵於其後，延孝擊退東川之兵，急追之，遇伏兵起，延孝敗，馳入漢州，閉壁不出。 On the jiayin day Yuan reached Han Prefecture with the main army. Yanxiao met him in battle. Yuan put Dong Zhang's weaker eastern-Sichuan troops in the path of the charge and hid elite forces behind them. Yanxiao broke the eastern-Sichuan line and pursued recklessly until the ambush sprang up. Defeated, he galloped into Han Prefecture and shut himself behind the walls.

時孟知祥與任圜、董璋置酒高會，因引令延孝檻車至會。 Meng Zhixiang, Ren Yuan, and Dong Zhang were holding a victory banquet and had Yanxiao brought to the feast in his cage.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 75Volume 75 Book of Later Jin 1: Gaozu Annals 1 · 1 passage

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九月，東川董璋叛，朝廷命帝為東川行營都招討使，兼知東川行府事。 In the ninth month Dong Zhang of Dongchuan rebelled. The court appointed the Emperor commander-in-chief of the Dongchuan expeditionary forces and gave him concurrent control of the Dongchuan expeditionary headquarters.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 136Volume 136: Biographies of Usurpers 3: Wang Jian, Meng Zhixiang · 11 passages

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時董璋作鎮東川已數年矣，亦有雄據之意。 By then Dong Zhang had held Dongchuan for several years and likewise harbored ambitions of domination.

董璋覺之，乃與知祥通好，結為婚家，以固輔車之勢。 Dong Zhang perceived the threat and made peace with Zhixiang, sealing the bond with a marriage alliance to strengthen their mutual support.

知祥慮唐軍驟至，與遂、閬兵合，則勢不可支吾，遂與璋協謀，令璋以本部軍先取閬州，知祥遣大將軍李仁罕、趙廷隱率軍圍遂州。 Zhixiang feared that if Tang troops arrived suddenly and joined forces from Suizhou and Langzhou he could not hold out. He plotted with Zhang: Zhang would seize Langzhou first with his own troops while Zhixiang sent Generals Li Renhan and Zhao Tingyin to besiege Suizhou.

三年，知祥又破董璋，乃自領東、西兩川節度使。 In the third year Zhixiang defeated Dong Zhang and assumed command of both eastern and western Chuan himself.

知祥與董璋有隙，舉兵討之。 Meng Zhixiang fell out with Dong Zhang and raised an army against him.

璋素勇悍，聞知祥之來也，以為送死。 Dong Zhang had always been fierce and bold. When he heard Meng Zhixiang was coming, he thought Zhixiang was marching to his death.

及將戰，知祥欲示閑暇，自寫一書以遺董璋。 On the eve of battle Meng Zhixiang wished to appear at ease and personally wrote a letter to Dong Zhang.

無何，舉筆輒誤書「董」為「重」字，不悅久之。 Before long he kept mistakenly writing the character "Dong" as the character "heavy", and was displeased for a long while.

鎬曰：「其『董』字『艹』下施『重』。 Li Gao said, "The character for Dong has the grass radical on top with heavy beneath it.

今大王去『艹』書『重』是『董』已無頭，此必勝之兆也。」 Your Highness has removed the grass and written heavy—Dong has lost his head. This is surely an omen of victory."

於是三軍欣然，一戰而董璋敗。）〉 The three armies took heart, and in a single battle Dong Zhang was defeated.)〉

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 8Volume 8 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu · 1 passage

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董璋反東川，為行營都招討使，不克而還。 Dong Zhang rose in eastern Sichuan. Jingtang led the campaign army against him, failed to win, and came back.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 26Volume 26 Later Tang Biographies 6: Fu Xi, Wu Zhen, Kong Qian, Zhang Yanlang, Li Yan, Li Renju, Mao Zhang · 10 passages

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東川節度使董璋置酒召仁矩，仁矩辭醉不往，於傳舍與倡妓飲。 Dong Zhang, military governor of Dongchuan, sent wine and called Renju in. Renju claimed he was too drunk and stayed away, drinking at the relay station with singing girls instead.

璋怒，率衙兵露刃之傳舍，仁矩惶恐，不襪而靴走庭中，璋責之曰：「爾以西川能斬李嚴，謂我獨不能斬爾邪！」 Zhang in fury marched his guard, blades bare, to the relay station. Renju in terror ran into the courtyard in boots but no stockings. Zhang raged at him: “Because Xichuan killed Li Yan, you think I cannot kill you?”

仁矩涕泣拜伏謝罪，乃止。 Renju wept, threw himself down, and begged pardon. Only then did Zhang stay his hand.

明日，璋置酒召仁矩，見其妻子，以厚謝之。 The next day Zhang called Renju to wine, brought out his wife and children, and made lavish amends.

仁矩還，言璋必反。 When Renju returned he said Zhang would rebel for certain.

仁矩素為安重誨所親信，自璋有異志，重誨思有以制之，乃分東川之閬州為保寧軍，以仁矩為節度使，遣姚洪將兵戍之。 Renju had long stood in An Chonghui’s trust. Once Zhang turned disloyal, Chonghui looked for a way to pin him. He split Lang prefecture from Dongchuan to form the Baoning army, made Renju its military governor, and sent Yao Hong to garrison it.

璋以書至京師告其子光業曰：「朝廷割我支郡，分建節髦，又以兵戍之，是將殺我也。 Zhang wrote to the capital and told his son Guangye: “The court has carved away my subordinate command, raised a new military governorship, and posted troops against me. They mean to kill me.

仁矩至鎮，伺璋動靜必以聞，璋益疑懼，遂決反。 Renju reached his post and reported Zhang’s every move. Zhang grew more afraid and more sure, and chose rebellion.

咸乂未至，璋已反，攻閬州，仁矩召將校問策，皆曰：「璋有二心久矣，常以利啖吾兵，兵未可用，而賊鋒方銳，宜堅壁以挫之。 Before Xianyi arrived Zhang had rebelled and struck Lang. Renju called his officers for counsel. All said: “Zhang has meant treason for years. He buys our soldiers with silver. The men cannot be trusted, and the enemy’s edge is bright. Hold the walls and wear them down.

東川董璋上書言璋遣子廷赟持書往西川，疑其有奸。 Dong Zhang of Dongchuan wrote that Zhang had sent his son Tingyun west to Xichuan with a letter, and suspected treason.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 27Volume 27 Later Tang Biographies 7: Zhu Hongzhao, Liu Yanlang, Kang Sili, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou · 3 passages

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董璋為東川節度使，乃以弘昭為副使。 Dong Zhang held Dongchuan as military governor; Hongzhao was appointed his deputy.

西川孟知祥殺其監軍李嚴，弘昭大懼，求還京師，璋不許，遂相猜忌，弘昭益開懷待之不疑，璋頗重其為人。 Meng Zhixiang of Xichuan killed the army supervisor Li Yan. Hongzhao was terrified and begged to return to court, but Dong Zhang refused. Suspicion grew between them—yet Hongzhao treated him openly and without mistrust, and Zhang came to respect him.

後璋有軍事，遣弘昭入朝，弘昭乃免。 Later Dong Zhang sent him to court on official business, and Hongzhao was able to leave.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 32Volume 32 Biographies of Martyrs to Virtue 12: Wang Yanzhang · 1 passage

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梁遣董璋率兵圍之，約與州人拒守，求救於莊宗。 Liang sent Dong Zhang to besiege the city. Yue and the people held out and begged Zhuangzong for help.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 33Volume 33 Biographies of Martyrs to Service 13: Zhang Yuande, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Wang Sitong, Zhang Jingda, Di Jinzong, Shen Bin, Wang Qing, Shi Yanchao, Sun Cheng · 6 passages

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徙鎮武信，東川董璋反，攻遂州，魯奇閉城拒之，旬月救兵不至，城中食盡，魯奇自刎死，年四十九。 Transferred to Wuxin; when Dong Zhang rebelled and attacked Suizhou, Luqi held the city; relief failed for ten days; food ran out; he killed himself at forty-nine.

自董璋為梁將，洪嘗事璋，後事唐為指揮使。 He had served Dong Zhang when Zhang was a Liang general; later he served Tang as a commander.

董璋反，遣人以書招洪，洪得璋書，輒投廁中。 When Zhang rebelled he sent letters to win Hong over; Hong threw each into the privy.

後璋兵攻破閬州，執洪，璋曰：「爾為健兒，我遇汝厚，奈何負我邪？」 Zhang’s troops later took Langzhou and seized Hong; Zhang said, “You were a brave man—I favored you; how could you betray me?"

璋怒，然鑊於前，令壯士十人刲其肉而食，洪至死大罵。 Zhang in rage set a cauldron boiling and had ten men slice his flesh and eat it; Hong cursed to the last.

石敬瑭討董璋，思同為先鋒指揮使，兵入劍門，而後軍不繼，思同與璋戰，不勝而卻。 When Shi Jingtang attacked Dong Zhang, Sitong led the vanguard into Jianmen; the rear failed to follow; he fought Zhang, lost, and withdrew.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 8 passages

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莊宗又問梁計如何，曰：「臣在梁時，竊聞其議：期以仲冬大舉，遣董璋以陜虢、澤潞之眾出石會以攻太原； Zhuangzong asked what Liang intended next. Yanxiao said: “In Liang I heard them plan a winter offensive—Dong Zhang with Shaan-Guo and Ze-Lu troops through Shihui Pass on Taiyuan;

後董璋等雖不出兵，而梁兵悉屬段凝於河上，京師無備，莊宗卒用延孝策，自鄆入汴，凡八日而滅梁。 Dong Zhang never marched, but every Liang soldier on the river went to Duan Ning and the capital stood bare. Zhuangzong took Yanxiao’s counsel, rode from Yan into Bian, and in eight days Liang was gone.

左廂馬步軍都指揮使董璋位在延孝下，然特見重於郭崇韜。 Dong Zhang of the Left Wing horse and foot stood beneath Yanxiao in rank, yet Guo Chongtao singled him out.

崇韜有軍事，獨召璋與計議，而不問延孝，延孝大怒，責璋曰：「吾有平蜀之功，公等仆遬相從，反俯首郭公之門，吾為都將，獨不能以軍法斬公邪？」 Chongtao called Zhang alone to war councils and passed Yanxiao by. Yanxiao raged at Zhang: “I pacified Shu. You scurried in my train, then crawled to Guo’s door. I command this army—shall I not cut you down by martial law?”

璋訴於崇韜，崇韜解璋軍職，表為東川節度使，延孝愈怒曰：「吾冒白刃，犯險阻，以定兩川，璋有何功而得旄節！」 Zhang ran to Chongtao. Chongtao stripped his command and made him Dongchuan military governor. Yanxiao fumed: “I took the blade and the cliff to win the two rivers—what did Zhang do to earn a command flag?”

明年崇韜死，延孝謂璋曰：「公復俯首何門邪？」 The next year Chongtao was dead. Yanxiao asked Zhang: “Whose threshold do you crawl to now?”

璋求哀以免。 Zhang pleaded and was let off.

繼岌不遣延孝，而遣董璋，延孝已自疑，及璋過延孝軍，又不謁，延孝大怒，謂其下曰：「南平梁，西取蜀，其謀盡出於郭公，而汗馬之勞，攻城破敵者我也。 Jiji sent Zhang, not Yanxiao. Yanxiao was already uneasy; Zhang passed his camp without a visit and Yanxiao exploded to his officers: “The south broke Liang and the west took Shu on Guo’s maps, but the marching and the breaches were mine.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 49Volume 49 Miscellaneous Biographies 29: Di Guangye, Feng Hui, Huang Fuhui, Tang Jingsi, Wang Jin, Chang Si, Sun Fangjian · 1 passage

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董璋反東川，暉從晉高祖討璋，軍至劍門，劍門兵守，不得入，暉從佗道出其左，擊蜀守兵殆盡。 Dong Zhang rebelled in Dongchuan. Hui marched with Jin Gaozu to Jianmen, which held shut. He swung left by another road and cut down the Shu garrison almost to a man.