Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Tribal Leader and General

A'ai 阿犲

First attested AD 423; died AD 426

Passages: 11
Chapters: 2
Histories: 1

Overview

A'ai was a Tribal Leader and General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Achai	阿豺
Native name	Tuguhun A'ai	吐谷渾阿犲

Life and dates

Death

AD 426 元嘉三年後、受命前
Unspecified
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 67

Attested activity

AD 426 太祖元嘉三年
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 66-67
AD 423 to AD 424 景平中
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 63
AD 423 景平元年正月
Dated from the passage context · Book of Song 4, passages 18, 20

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Tuyuhun Chilai Ni (吐谷渾敕來泥)
cousin (brother's son) 從子
cousin (father's brother) 從父
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 62
Sibling of Mugui (慕璝)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 67-68
Sibling of Shuluoqian (樹洛干)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 61
Parent of Wei (煒)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 83

Key source chapters

Career and standing

General Who Pacifies the West 安西將軍
AD 423 景平元年正月庚辰 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 4, passage 20
Inspector of Shazhou 沙州刺史
AD 423 景平元年正月庚辰 · Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 4, passage 20
General Who Pacifies the West 安西將軍
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 65
Governor of Shazhou 沙州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 65
Supervisor of Military Affairs beyond the Passes 督塞表諸軍事
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 65
General of the Valiant Cavalry 驃騎將軍
Self styled
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 61

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Duke of Jiaohe 澆河公
AD 423 景平元年正月庚辰 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Book of Song 4, passage 20
posthumous King of Longxi and former offices 隴西王等追贈
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 90
Duke of Jiaohe 澆河公
Appointed
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 65

Places and affiliations

Polity Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Song 4, passage 18
Polity Id liu-song · Relation Tributary
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 63-64

Events and relationships

Sent tribute envoys
AD 423 景平元年正月 · Diplomatic · Sender
Directly stated · Book of Song 4, passage 18
Sent cousin to expand territory
Military · Commander · With Tuyuhun Chilai Ni (吐谷渾敕來泥)
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 62
Sent tribute memorial
Diplomatic · Sender
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 63

References in the histories

Search passages

History

11 passages

Book of Song, Chapter 4Volume 4 Annals 4: Emperor Shao · 2 passages

沮渠蒙遜、吐谷渾阿犲並遣使朝貢。 Juqu Mengxun and Tuguhun A'ai both sent envoys to court with tribute.

以阿犲為安西將軍、沙州刺史，封澆河公。 A'ai was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Shazhou, and created Duke of Jiaohe.

Book of Song, Chapter 96Volume 96 Biographies 56: Xianbei and Tuyuhun Peoples · 9 passages

樹洛干死，弟阿犲自稱驃騎將軍。 When Shuluoqian died, his younger brother Achai styled himself General of the Valiant Cavalry.

譙縱亂蜀，阿犲遣其從子西彊公吐谷渾敕來泥拓土至龍涸、平康。 When Qiao Zong threw Shu into chaos, Achai sent his cousin, the Western Qiang Duke Tuyuhun Chilai Ni, to expand their territory as far as Longgu and Pingkang.

少帝景平中，阿犲遣使上表獻方物。 During the Jingping era of Emperor Shao, Achai sent envoys with a memorial offering local tribute.

詔曰：「吐谷渾阿犲介在遐表，慕義可嘉，宜有寵任。 An edict declared, "Achai of the Tuyuhun, though he stands far beyond our borders, has shown admirable devotion to our cause and deserves favor and office.

今酬其來款，可督塞表諸軍事、安西將軍、沙州刺史、澆河公。」 In return for his embassy, let him be made Supervisor of Military Affairs beyond the Passes, General Who Pacifies the West, Governor of Shazhou, and Duke of Jiaohe."

未至而阿犲死，弟慕璝立。 The envoys had not yet arrived when Achai died; his younger brother Mugui succeeded.

[7]六年，表曰：「大宋應運，四海宅心，臣亡兄阿犲慕義天朝，款情素著。 [7] In the sixth year he submitted a memorial: "Great Song has received Heaven's mandate and holds the hearts of all within the four seas. My late brother Achai long admired the celestial court, and his sincere devotion was well known.

弟慕延為平東將軍，慕璝兄樹洛干子拾寅為平北將軍，阿豺子煒代鎮軍將軍。 His younger brother Muyan was made General Who Pacifies the East; Shiyin, son of Mugui's elder brother Shuluoqian, was made General Who Pacifies the North; and Wei, son of Achai, was made Acting General of the Garrison Army.

十九年，追贈阿豺本號安西、秦沙三州諸軍事、沙州刺史、領護羌校尉、隴西王。 In the nineteenth year Achai was posthumously granted his former titles—General Who Pacifies the West, Commander of Military Affairs in the three provinces of Qin and Sha, Governor of Shazhou, Colonel Protecting the Qiang, and King of Longxi.